Science vs Aging Essay - 3343 Words

Science vs Aging Thesis Statement: Health care and science resources should be conservatively allocated to our aging population, focusing on providing quality to the aging years without draining assets in a reckless attempt to extend life. Introduction: The demographic projections in the United Sates are significant. Between 1982 and 2030 the median age will move from 30.6 to 40.8 years and the proportion of the population over 65 will go from 11.6 to 21.1 percent (Committee on the Aging Society, 1985). Persons over 85 are the fastest growing age group, 21 times more numerous than in 1900 (Callahan, 1995). This is also an international issue; by 2040 most developed countries will have 30 percent of their population over 60†¦show more content†¦Such hardships can make elderly parents feel like a burden and can lead to irritability and depression among children caregivers. Particularly affected are daughters, who have traditionally fulfilled caregiver roles. Adding adult caregiving to the responsibilities of a modern women can drain her of her prime yearsà ®(Brakman, 1994, p.26). The responsibilities of younger generations must be factored into aging discussions. If not through family care, they are at least affected through tax expenditures. The key component of aging discussions is the physical, mental, social, and spiritual health of elderly individuals. In the process of extending mortality we have also extended morbidity. 39 percent of 65-75 year-olds and 66 percent of over 85 year-olds suffer from chronic disabilities (Committee on the Aging Society, 1985). For many elderly, retirement years are far from golden. Physical debilitation, embarrassing illnesses, and dementia leave many elderly frightened, lonely, and disengaged. Disengagement theory holds that elderly should withdraw from societal responsibilities and relax in their final years. However, this withdrawal often causes elderly to feel useless and removes responsibilities that keep their minds sharp and bodies healthy. If modern medicine provides more years, it is the responsibility of modern society to facilitate quality years (Callahan 1995). Old age can be a fulfillingShow MoreRelatedWhat And When Of Cognitive Aging Essay705 Words   |  3 Pageson Thursday, 11/24/15) †¨Salthouse, T.A. (2004). What and when of cognitive aging. Current Directions in †¨ Psychological Science, 13, 140-144. Please read the article (available on Bb) and complete the following reading guide. †¨Answer all questions in your own words. 1. Why is it important to study cognitive aging? Its paramount to study cognitive aging because the term has been described for physical aging, but it is still not well understood. The cognitive functions can affect a person’sRead MoreThe Aging Population On The Delivery Of Healthcare1225 Words   |  5 Pagesassociated with aging. Therefore, it is vital for healthcare professionals to understand the significance of the term â€Å"baby-boomers†. In fact, by the year 2030, one in five people will be over the age of 65 and in 2050, that number will be close to 90 million older adults, which is two times the number compared to 2010 (CDC, 2013). The aging population in America is just one of the nine forces that influence health care and nursing management. This paper will summarize the influence of the aging populationRead MoreThe Number Of Adults Over The Age Of 651551 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough a series of stages over their life span. Those stages are as follows: 1. Infant – Basic Trust vs. Mistrust 2. Toddler – Autonomy vs. Shame 3. Preschooler – Initiative vs. Guilt 4. School-Age Child – Industry vs. Inferiority 5. Adolescent – Identity vs. Identity Diffusion 6. Young Adult – Intimacy vs. Isolation 7. Middle-ages Adult – Generativity vs. Self-absorption 8. Older Adult – Integrity vs. Despair In the Late Adult stage Erikson believed that the older adult look back with feeling contentmentRead MoreUnderstanding Psychology And The Ways1221 Words   |  5 Pages Tracy Griffin Adulthood and Aging | PSY307 A01 05/24/2016 Faculty: Arthur Swisher Due date: 05/23/2016 Module 5 Assignment 1 In regards to cognitive psychology and the ways in which we define ourselves in terms of individuals, is one of the biggest areas of interest. The area defines the process used in order to acquire, receive, retain and store the information in which is received. During childhood our memory grows, and through adulthood throughout until our middle age, where shortlyRead MoreAging And The Aging Process1669 Words   |  7 Pages Aging, it’s something that as a species of life on this planet we are predisposed to and its results are an inevitable factor that effects our bodies in several ways, from cataracts development to the progression of memory issues from such diseases as Alzheimer’s or Huntington’s. The concepts of aging are broken down into two theories widely accepted by several varying fields of studies such as gerontology, the study of the aging process, and oncology, the study of cancer and tumor development.Read MoreA Brief Note On The Public Health Direct or1499 Words   |  6 PagesMiddleton† brochure that promoted hiking and walking to improve health. Susan J Gannon Executive Director of the Council of Aging 978-777-4067 The executive director of the Council of Aging would know of the transportation needs and health issues dealing with the elderly population. They would know what programs are in place and the statistics of who is involved in the aging community. Katrina O’Leary Planning Coordinator of the Zoning Board of Appeals 978-777-8917 The zoning board planning coordinatorRead MoreLate Adulthood And Death Of An Individual Across The Life Span Development Process1474 Words   |  6 Pages In this paper I will examine late adulthood and death of an individual across the life span development process. Discuss ageism and stereotypes, evaluated how an individual can promote ones health and wellness to mitigate the negative effects of aging, Analyze the importance of relationships and social interactions nearing the end of life. Finally I will identify cultural and personal attitudes related to death and dignity in late adulthood. Ageism is known as a prejudice or discrimination basedRead MoreAn Analysis Of Atul Gawande s Obamacare 1391 Words   |  6 Pagespossible that El Paso simply underdelivers care. This is a very important question as we grapple with the rising costs of health care. There are many possible sources for this rising cost, including: increased availability of expensive technology, the aging population, defensive medicine and tort costs, public health problems such as obesity, overuse of medical procedures, poor access to care leading to delayed treatment or inefficient treatment, and the use of ineffective or worthless treatments (i.eRead MoreDevelopmental Stages Of Development1344 Words   |  6 Pagesgrowth stops developing around in an individual’s 20’s. As an adult, they are able to understand multiple issues that goes on in situations and able to find multiple solutions to problems. Being an in stage of Freud’s psychosocial development Intimacy vs. Isolation, you start to develop close friendships, romantic relationships and building a family. The individual starts to sacrifice and compromise to make the relationship (n.p,n.d). An indivi dual can fall into isolation if the requirements of intimacyRead MoreDiscussions and Arguments of Old Earth vs Young Earth Creationism1239 Words   |  5 Pagesthus basically the opposite of theistic evolution. One of the most well-known atheists is Richard Dawkins. THEISTIC EVOLUTION Theistic evolution is the worldview that God created life as we know it; there are some that see this as a way to use science and Christianity to find and explain how life began. Theistic evolutionists believe in old earth creationism. Since therÐ µ are not any initial statÐ µs of God that wÐ µ arÐ µ awarÐ µ of, and bÐ µcause God doÐ µs not act according to gÐ µneral physic laws, thÐ µre

Children s Parents Should Be Prepared A Compelling...

Children can be easily influenced by their elders and can create habit forming eating patterns based on their guardians. If a child grows up around a healthy parenting style, that child will make good choices and hopefully follow their footsteps. â€Å"An obese adolescent must therefore learn to eat and enjoy healthy foods in moderate amounts and to exercise regularly to maintain a desired weight† (AACAP, n.d, para. 6). Children’s parents should be entitled to prepare a compelling standard of living for their children to help prevent the rising obesity problem in America today. Parents must make health concise decisions about their diet in front of their children if they want to set a good example of what they should and should not be eating. Providing unhealthy foods can lead to future complications and a poor eating pattern for their loved ones. â€Å"Compared with normal-weight adults, obese adults had at least 20% significantly higher rate of dying of all-cause. These rates advanced death by 3.7 years for all-cause mortality. The burden of obesity was greatest among adults aged 45 to 64 years† (Borrell, L. N., Samuel, L, 2014, p.518). Being obese can cause many life threating health problems like diabetes and heart failure. To help prevent this growing problem something needs to be done to affect the nation on a sentimentally level to promote a better life style choice for all. Understandably, parents want the utmost best for their children, so if they know exactly what theirShow MoreRelatedShould Vaccines Be Required By Law?1670 Words   |  7 PagesShould Vaccines be Required by Law? Introduction The Center for Disease Control estimated that 732,000 American children have been saved by vaccines in the last ten years. Vaccines should be required by law so that we can protect ourselves by building our immunity to preventable illnesses, in an easy, quick, and inexpensive fashion, helping stop major epidemics, and in conclusion, save lives. Body Con 1 - Vaccines weaken a person s immune system, and can in cases make someone ill. Vaccines areRead MoreThe Problems Of American Schools Essay1995 Words   |  8 PagesAndrew R. Deras Dr. Jide Osikomaiya English 100 8 September 2016 The Most Compelling Problems In American Schools As we delve back into a new year for students and teachers alike returning to school to continue with the daily life of academics and learning, we all must be understanding of what exactly we are sending our peers and children back to. It should be no surprise to most of us that throughout the years we have seen countless upon countless examples from the news and through others, thatRead MoreThe Importance of Music in Society Essay1992 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopment, consumer science, or the effect it has on emotions. From the beginning of mankind there have been make shift instruments, the lullabies sung to young children, and the dancing of tribes. Who knew that an ancient lullaby sung to a charming, cherished, child could be a road- map for future success. As of late, many parents have looked into a book The Mozart Effect, ever since this novel was published, there has been a huge hype of studying the effect music has on child development. DuringRead MoreUnderstanding Abuse3160 Words   |  13 Pagesfind a solution to a problem whilst remaining effective and appropriate can experience various complications as there can be an inability to provide a clear and detailed definition of what it actually constitutes, provision of evidence that remains compelling and substantial and taking on board the cultural, social and political considerations and factors that are relevant to the society pertinent to the discussion will receive complications. This lack of clearness in its debate has led to the developmentRead MoreSchool to Prison Pipeline2888 Words   |  12 PagesSchool-to-Prison Pipeline: Does the Current Educational System Demonize or Criminalize Our Youth? In today’s society our children go down one of two paths: become successful or become criminals. The question then must be asked: have we allowed our children to be tracked down such opposite paths by using discipline as an excuse? There may well be an argument that ultimately the school and prison system have nothing to do with one another; however, I believe they have become one in the sameRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Legal Regime For The Better Future Of Children Essay6622 Words   |  27 PagesCritical Analysis of Legal Regime for the better Future of Children â€Å"Childhood shows the man As morning shows the day† -John Milton in ‘Paradise Regained ’ Abstract Children like mirror, which reflect the future image of a nation. Children are not only the future of any nation but also strength in reserve. If they are healthy and active, educated and informed, disciplined andRead MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes16087 Words   |  65 Pagesfamilies are harmful to children and to society. The children of single parents are more likely to do poorly in school, commit crimes, and become single parents themselves. In addition, the increase in single-parent families contributes to such social problems as poverty, crime, and a decline in the quality of public education. Divorce and out-of-wedlock childbirth are transforming the lives of American children. In the postwar generation more than 80 percent of children grew up in a family withRead MoreMulticultural Education in a Pluralistic Society21691 Words   |  87 Pagesin college, Tomas Juarez had decided he wanted to work with children from low-income families. He began his teaching career, however, in a culturally diverse suburban school. The school had been built only a few years before and included state-of-the-art science labs. Students were proficient with computers; they even helped Mr. Juarez develop his skills. Most of the students participated in extracurricular activities, and their parents were active in school affairs. More than 90% of the previousRead MoreComparative Analysis of the Purpose of8067 Words   |  33 Pagesincluding in Finland and Ontario, Canada. The kindergarten program in Finland is one of envy as it contributes the nation’s successful educational system. Kin dergarten in Finland is a free service available to all children, which is similar to Ontario, Canada’s program which is also free to children in the province. The following paper will explore kindergarten in Finland and Ontario and illustrate that in spite of their differing systems, the principal focus of kindergarten in each region is to prepareRead MoreThe Evolving Virtual Workplace4241 Words   |  17 Pagesmaintenance costs, maintaining business continuity, cultural clashes, isolation, and lack of trust. Identifying the right prescription for success is important while trying to bring some balance to the discussion for exploring the virtual workplace. It should be noted up front that virtual workplaces may not be appropriate for all industries, all employees, or all managers. However, businesses that are looking to explore these new paradigms in business practices will have to embrace a shift from a business

In Jesus’ Name Taking Up Serpents Free Essays

â€Å"Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones. † (Psalm 137:9)Read more at /list/top-20-bible-passages-to-use-against-fundamentalists/ivana-wynn? page=3#X63UZMIZkY7ETEaQ. 99 â€Å"Happy shall he be, that taketh and dasheth thy little ones against the stones. We will write a custom essay sample on In Jesus’ Name: Taking Up Serpents or any similar topic only for you Order Now † (Psalm 137:9)Read more at /list/top-20-bible-passages-to-use-against-fundamentalists/ivana-wynn? page=3#X63UZMIZkY7ETEaQ. 99 Megan Gowler Cultural Anthropology MWF 10 a. m. IN JESUS’ NAME: TAKING UP SERPENTS I’ve took cocaine, I’ve smoked marijuana, drunk whiskey, and been high on all that, but this high you get on Jesus, it’s nothin’, nothin’ compared to that†¦ † The video was filmed in two churches in Alabama and Georgia in what looks like the 60’s, but in reality was the late 80’s or very early 90’s, I believe the copyright date is 1991. In Jesus’ Name: Taking Up Serpents heavily documents the practice of snake handling in this religious sect, but mentions the consumption of strychnine very minimally. The people seem happy, but not particularly affluent. They are presumably in the Appalachian region of the states, where coal mining, poverty and a hard life are all too common. The whole thing is presented without commentary or criticism allowing the viewer to experience the culture and apply their own opinions. Taking Up Serpents shows us how literal interpretations of biblical texts are executed with fervor in the name of God. The filmmakers do not appear biased or like they have any hidden agenda. It seems to be a straight-forward documentation of a church service. The filmmakers did not go out of their way to make these people seem simple or poor, which I am sure would have been easy to do with selective editing. Men are featured prominently in this video. They seem to be ‘called upon by the holy ghost’ to ‘take up serpents’ more readily than the women are. The women are not left untouched by the ‘spirit’ as was made obvious by the shaking, sobbing and speaking in tongues that is also demonstrated in the video. The women who do handle the snakes seemed to do so for a much shorter length of time and with greater caution then the men, who shake them and rub them around their faces and necks, almost as a challenge to the snake. Children are not permitted to handle any of the snakes in these churches. I found out online that usually (and for legal reasons) you must be 18 to begin taking part in this part of the ritual. Apparently, the Holy Spirit discriminates by not just gender, but age as well. They do not go into any detail regarding the consumption of strychnine in this video, it only gets a brief mention and is hardly shown. Interestingly, when you look at the side effects of the consumption of strychnine, one of the less grievous effects is euphoria. Also, it should be noted that it acts as a stimulant and can cause muscle spasms and convulsions, which are exacerbated by bright light and loud noises (I assume that includes raucous religious music and bright overhead lights). I wonder why they have chosen that verse specifically to focus all their energy on. Why aren’t they burning male flock animals (sheep, goats) on altars in their yard or beating their children for self satisfaction (Leviticus 1:9 and Psalm 137:9, respectively). Why snake handling and poison consumption, I have a theory, but I will save it for now. Everything about this practice is bizarre, but is it only bizarre because of our distance from it? Religious ceremonies of EVERY nature have incredibly odd practices, but they only seem bizarre to outsiders. The whole video made me sad, but I can’t say exactly why. The filmmakers intention was to document the practice and according to the note on Youtube, help preserve their right to practice their religion, their way. I don’t know how to explain how I feel without writing another 5 pages. Religion and religious freedom is and always has been a minefield of controversy. Islam has the prophet Mohammed who took a six year old bride when he was in his late 50’s, Christianity has a virgin birth and coming back to life (insert inappropriate zombie Jesus joke here), Scientology teaches us that we are all immortal aliens trapped in physical bodies, dinosaurs are a hoax put forth by Satan to fool us all, Mormons are in their ‘magic underwear’ prepping for the return on God in Missouri, putting a dirty milk glass and a plate from a roast beef sandwich in the same dishwasher can contaminate your soul, or most famously and least disputed the idea that when certain rites are performed bread and wine turn into human flesh and blood once in your stomach. I mean, there are plenty of genuinely weird ideas and practices in the United States, I mean, these are just off the top of my head. So even though this very specific sect of Evangelical Christians has the odd little habit of swinging snakes around and drinking poison really, who can judge the m? I would like to mention that I did a little digging regarding this film, partly because I am fascinated by religion and partly because I wanted to know more about it and I found out that two of the men in the film have died, possibly a third, but without names, I cannot say for sure. Also, the pastor in the film, whose name is Glenn Summerford was convicted of attempted murder for stuffing his wife Danielle’s hand into a box of rattlesnakes when he was in a ‘drunken rage’ in 1991. Glenn was sentenced to 99 years in prison. There is a book about this titled, The Serpent and the Spirit and I now intend to read it as well. After some of the additional information I have uncovered and a lot of the stereotypes we have all heard regarding people living in this area, I wonder if these people live their lives in a more rowdy fashion than you would imagine given the scenes we are shown in the film, which is why I placed the quote I did under the title at the top. The skeptic cynic in me says that the snake handling has less to do with God or the Holy Spirit and more to do with each individual using this fate tempting to make themselves feel better, maybe about indiscretions, financial hardships, poor decisions, who knows? Do something wrong, feel guilt, handle the snake, live through it, decide God isn’t that mad at you after all because he is a forgiving God and you made a mistake, feel better†¦ now repeat. I suppose that is what every religion is supposed to do for its followers, make you feel better, help you find peace, give you a sense of place, let you know that ‘it’ is gonna be okay. So as a non-judgmental observer with no plans of attending service or joining the Church of Jesus with Signs I say, ladies and gentlemen, turn up your amps, raise your cups of strychnine and shake those snakes! How to cite In Jesus’ Name: Taking Up Serpents, Papers

Marketing Analysiss Of Ajisen Ramen Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Analysiss Of Ajisen Ramen. Answer: Introduction A Japanese based company called Ajisen Ramen was founded in 1968 at Kumamoto, Japan. It has 700 plus chain in all over the world. Its targeting to open more food chains in all over the world. It has its branches in Australia, Cambodia, Canada, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Marianas, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. There is something different about Ajisen Ramen that is its soup which helps in prohibiting ageing. Swot Analysis of Ajisen Ramen Strengths The strength of Noodle Company called Ajisen Ramen comes from its diversity. The noodles of Ajisen Ramen have been favoured in college dorm rooms to high class of restaurants. One of the biggest strength of noodles is that it is an instant food and it functions as a staple for dinners and breakfast of all ages of people. Its price is also very convenient that it is affordable to every income group of people. Dishes related to noodles include a broad range of tastes such as Spicy Pad Thai, Home Style Macaroni and Cheese Noodles. Noodles can also be added in wide range of meats, vegetables and sauces for special diets. Weaknesses Ajisen Ramen has the biggest strength of unique adaptability in its dishes; it also has some of the weaknesses that it is lacking in terms of market penetration. The fast food industry includes the infinite choices for the consumers such as pizza, fried chicken, tacos, hamburgers and others. The noodle industry still needs to capture the actual thought of the consumers in the same way. It does high investment in research and development more than in improving the quality of their dishes which is a weakness for Ajisen Ramen. As there is no need of investing so much funds on research and development only. Opportunities Ajisen Ramen has the opportunity to develop its own space in the American dining pantheon by restaurant franchising just like the world famous fast food organizations such as Dominos, McDonald's, Pizza Hut and Taco bell has increased the choice of everyday foods. Ajisen Ramen has the opportunity to grab the market share by introducing new products and services. Threats Health impact of noodles on the consumers can be a threat for the Ajisen ramen as noodles contains high amount of sodium carbohydrates and gluten which makes consumers to switch to other food items. Noodle Company, Ajisen Ramen has to compete with many of the organizations. Also with the makers of instant noodles which are available in grocery stores such as Maggie and instant noodles and others. Marketing objectives TheMarketing objectives of Ajisen Ramen are mentioned below: Ajisen Ramen is preparing to expand its market share by opening the branches at the airport also. It already having its branches at many of the airports but this year they are planning to have at least ten to fifteen more shops at the airports to attract the Chinese tourist towards its restaurants and to provide them the taste of home. In 2016 they have faced decline in their profits, earlier in 2014 it was 2.4 billion therefore the company is looking forward to the strategies which can help in increasing the profits of the company. They are planning to open 10-15 restaurants till the mid of 2018. Under the brand called Japanese Ramen restaurant (Companies, 2018). They are also creating the awareness of their products in the market by promoting through advertisements and campaigns. They are also planning to strengthen the operations of its delivery and not restricting to only shops. Market segmentation Market segmentation can be defined as the process of dividing consumers and business markets in different groups (called as segments). Ajisen Ramen divides its consumers in different segments which are as follows: University students No time to cook Sportsmen Survival tourist Visitors at restaurants Targeting They are targeting on university students, who cannot cook as they are always in a hurry but they want to eat warm and they prefer instant food. Hiking and survival fanatics, who generally collect the food to prevent the people from any kind of disaster, therefore they get prepared to handle it successfully. Positioning The position of Ajisen Ramen can be described as the simple and very tasty convention food available in US market which is perfect for college students as they have no extra time to cook. It is also perfect for those who have no knowledge related to cooking and the people who want to have warm food but cant cook (Morgan, 2012). Marketing mix strategies: Product Ajisen Ramen provides very tasty hot noodles with different tastes, types and different presentations on a very reasonable price. They serve their noodles in their restaurants and also sell in a form of packet which can be cooked very easily. They have different spices for different type of noodles such as udon, soba, somen, (Chinese) egg noodles, and rice noodles. They have the whole recipe written on the packet. Ajisen Ramen noodles also called as instant noodles as it takes very minimal time to be prepared which is not more than five minutes (Asian Review, 2017). Price They want to serve every income group of people and also want to increase its consumers and make them hard core loyal customers. Therefore in order to have the large number of customers and to serve each income group of people, they are providing noodles in very low cost. Low price with good quality will attract high number of customers (Varadarajan, 2010). Place Ajisen Ramen provide their products on places such as airports, several shopping sites (amazon), super markets and hyper markets and grocery stores. Promotion Best results can be achieved with promotional platforms which have very high impact on the consumers such as internet, newspaper, television, billboards and social media sites. (Daxue consulting, 2013). In addition to this, sales promotion and public relations are mentioned below. Sales Promotion Sales promotion under Ajisen Ramen aimed at pushing the product into super markets, dormitories, universities and multinational companies through store displays, coupons, discounts, free sample and others. To increase the demand, advertising efforts has been done by the Ajisen Ramen. They also have sponsorship of schools, dormitories, sports events, centres and new businesses (Armstrong, Kotler, Harker and Brennan, 2015). Public Relations Public relations are the key to success for any business as it helps to promote the companys features and competitive advantage. The main features of companys noodles are quick, fresh and tasty convention food. The parties who organize promotional activities for Ajisen Ramen are dormitories, colleges, sports centres, survival for agency clubs and super markets (Tomczak, Reinecke and Kuss, 2018). Therefore, the relations with these clubs and centres helps in promoting the products through selling products and creating awareness among the customers regarding the product. Service Marketing Strategies Service marketing strategies are the strategies which aim at delivering processes, experiences and services instead of providing tangible goods to the customers. There are three types of service marketing strategies which are as follows: People Process Physical evidence (Professional Academy, 2018). Process: It is defined as the way of delivering services to the customers which involves various steps. It also can be explained as how a product is made and what are the procedures of making the product (Lovelock, 2011). Process of Ajisen Ramen noodles can be described as follows: The process starts with making a thick mixture of flour and liquid. From the point of view of Kenshirio, the most significant part of this process is to mix the flour and liquid and further making a thick mixture of both the items until each particle of the flour get mixed with the each and every particle of water. Then that thick mixture to make the ramen gets rolled into some designed sheets and it remains for 45 minutes into the sheets. Duration of 45 minutes allowed the glutens to rest the thick mixture and to develop properly. The final texture is given after the whole process is chewy texture. When the sheets of ramen mixture get cut and noodles start to form then the cut noodles make their way to different sections of the machine and at the last noodles will be prepared for packaging. So this was the whole process of making of ramen noodles (Truong, 2014). Conclusion Ajisen Ramen (Japanese based company) targeting to open more food chains in all over the world. The biggest strength of Ajisen Ramen is its diversity. Ajisen Ramen has the opportunity to grab the market share by introducing new products and services. Health impact of noodles on the consumers can be a threat for the company. The main marketing objective of Ajisen Ramen is to expand its market share. There are different marketing mix strategies which involves seven Ps of marketing such as product, price, promotion, place, people, process and physical evidence. Where it is explained regarding the promotional strategies of the company and about the process of making the Ramen noodles. References: Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015. Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Asian Review, 2017, Ajisen China aims to give fliers taste of the Middle Kingdom [Online]. Available from https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Ajisen-China-aims-to-give-fliers-taste-of-the-Middle-Kingdom [Accessed 13 March 2018]. Companies, 2018, Ramen chain Ajisen China hit by 9.8pc drop in profit amid slowing econom,[Online]. Available from: https://www.scmp.com/business/companies/article/2008007/ramen-chain-ajisen-china-hit-98pc-drop-profit-amid-slowing [Accessed on 13th March, 2018]. Daxue consulting, 2013, Market Research on Ajisen Restaurants in China, [Online]. Available from: https://daxueconsulting.com/market-research-on-ajisen-restaurants-in-china/ [Accessed on 13th March, 2018]. Lovelock, C., 2011. Services marketing: People, technology, strategy. Pearson Education India. Morgan, N.A., 2012. Marketing and business performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(1), pp.102-119. Professional Academy, 2018, Marketing Theories The Marketing Mix From 4 Ps to 7 Ps [Online]. Available from: https://www.professionalacademy.com/blogs-and-advice/marketing-theories---the-marketing-mix---from-4-p-s-to-7-p-s [Accessed on 13th March, 2018]. Tomczak, T., Reinecke, S. and Kuss, A., 2018. Introduction. In Strategic Marketing (pp. 1-18). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. Truong, B., 2014, The Process Of Making Ramen Noodles Is The Coolest Thing You'll Learn Today [Online]. Available from: https://www.buzzfeed.com/briantron/how-to-make-ramen-noodles?utm_term=.lyAG660zk#.urG0RRrlb [Accessed on 13th March, 2018]. Varadarajan, R., 2010. Strategic marketing and marketing strategy: domain, definition, fundamental issues and foundational premises. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(2), pp.119-140.

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor

#FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor #FreelancerFriday #3 - Maggie Lyons, Editor â€Å"You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shouldn’t be editing.†Maggie Lyons is an editor and author of children’s fiction of Welsh extraction based in Virginia. With a background editing for Harvard University Press and Palgrave Macmillan, she spoke to us about her diplomatic approach to editing, and her experience being on the other side of the editor’s pen.–REEDSY What was it like starting as an editor in academic publishing?MAGGIE LYONS I got to edit an enormous variety of disciplines: everything from medieval history to an astronomy course. In the academic world a lot of disciplines can be edited by people who don’t have a degree in that subject. There are a few that can’t be - I’d have never agree to edit a course on relativity - but a lot can. Publishers trust that the academic writing the book is the ultimate expert, and that the editor’s job is not to check every fact in the book. I could do developmental editing for British History, Medieval History, there was a course on Churchill where I made some suggestions as well.When you’re talking about an academic volume that has multiple authors all contributing a chapter, I would not do developmental editing. For example, I’ve worked on books for Harvard University Press. By the time the manuscript gets to me the developmental editing has been done, and it’s been done by an academic in that subject, often someone cont ributing a chapter to that book. But the copy editor or line editor for an academic publisher like HUP wouldn’t do the developmental or content editing.REEDSY Do you have a process for working through a new project?MAGGIE LYONS Absolutely. The process is different depending on if I’m editing for an individual private client or a publisher. If I’m editing something for a private client, we start off with a brief discussion of the document to be edited, a contract goes back and forth, administrative things are involved, etc. Before I even accept the manuscript I’ll want to see a couple of sample pages so that I can see the amount of work involved, and obviously my fee is then based on the level or work involved. All that administrative and judgemental stuff comes first.I rarely ever edit hard-copy, I rarely mark-up paper. I much prefer to work online. I find it leads to better work - I pick up on things much more accurately when I work online. I have done work on paper, but that’s becoming very much a thing of the past. Some companies still do it, marking up everything in red ink, but that’s very unusual these days.I’ll look over the manuscript and let the writer or p ublishing house know how long it’ll take me to do. If I spot things that may be problematic, I need an answer from the writer before I even start editing. I go through the manuscript twice - I do a first and second pass, which could mean 80,000 words twice over, but I find it necessary. I’ll then put it through a spell check, and it goes back to the client. Almost always when I’m editing I put in a lot of comments and queries for the writer that need to be addressed. We get all the loose ends tied up and problems solved, and then we’ll finalise the manuscript. There’s a fourth pass through before it goes back to the client for submission.In terms of writing for a publishing house it’s slightly different - I’ll do the two passes and the spell-check, but someone else presents the author with my queries. When I work with a publisher I don’t have direct contact with the author. It’s unfortunate because that direct content te nds to give much better results.REEDSY What are some of things that need to be queried? That you can’t fix by yourself.MAGGIE LYONS For example, I was editing a manuscript by an author with HUP who was talking about places in central Asia. They had used different spellings for the same location throughout the text. So I had to check which one was correct, which do you prefer to use - he knows which one will be best, whether it’s less accents or more accepts, and so on. They have to be the one to decide that.REEDSY What are some common mistakes people make with respect to structure?MAGGIE LYONS The first thing that comes to mind is logic - sometimes sentences don’t flow logically, you need to move a sentence to the beginning rather than the end. You’re looking for things that might give the wrong meaning because of the way that they’re structured.REEDSY Is that the same for fiction? More difficult?MAGGIE LYONS I wouldn’t say more difficult, I would say you’re taking a different approach. By nature, fiction is going to involve things like plot and characterisation and points of view; you have to know how to address those differently to the issues you might have in non-fiction. It’s a different set of rules.REEDSY Is it difficult editing fiction while preserving the voice of a writer? Like, correcting problems while retaining stylistic inconsistencies.MAGGIE LYONS Dialogue will not be grammatically correct because people do not speak grammatically correctly! You want to make dialogue in fiction as natural as possible, so if there are grammatical mistakes you leave them in - it’s like hallowed ground. If everyone spoke grammatically perfect English you’d have rather boring dialogue; everyone would be the same person. That’s just one of the areas where fiction is very different from non-fiction - you’re going to have that off-the-chart stuff, while in non-fiction you can make everyone sound absolutely perfect. This is the difference between editors who specialise in either fiction or non-fiction.I’ve published children’s books myself, so I’ve seen that side as a fiction writer. When I published them I had an editor of my own, because no writer can edit themselves well - it’s psychological, you don’t want to see the mistakes you’ve made. You can’t deal with it. Itâ€℠¢s always best to have an outsider look at these things for you.REEDSY Can you talk more about being an editor undergoing editing yourself?MAGGIE LYONS I found the experience difficult for myself. I am a professional editor, I had a few ideas of my own with which my publisher’s editor did not agree - I went through a hard time with all of that. For one thing the process when you’re writing fiction is very exhausting; you seem multiple revisions, coming back to you and back again, which gets to be very tiring. Especially when you’ve already spent a lot of time writing the darn thing, and now you’re going over and over it again. It got to the point where I didn’t want to see this wretched story anymore.One of the problems is when you’re working closely with a writer you have to remember that this piece of work is their baby. If baby has an orange nose, how is the editor going to deal with that? You can’t just say â€Å"Your baby is an abomination† - you have to get the parent to realise they should be feeding the baby a few less carrots. Editors have to be diplomats. 99% of the t ime they’re right. The trick isn’t what they’re saying, but the way they’re saying it. The author is going to accept your advice much more easily if your communication and diplomacy skills are top-notch. But if you come in with a heavy hand you’re going to develop an adversarial relationship which is really death to working well.It’s much more of a partnership in the developmental or content edit stage, where the editor wants to help the writer be the best writer they can be. There’s less of that in the line-editing stage - when it comes to grammar, it’s either wrong. It’s less a suggestion, it’s more whether you want to put out a grammatically correct book, or an incorrect book.REEDSY And where do copyeditors sit on that spectrum?MAGGIE LYONS In a way, the writer is not the copyeditors client; the reader is the copyeditors client. What the editor and writer ares trying to do together is make everything as flowy and comprehensible for the reader’s sake. The goal is to create the best product for the reader.REEDSY So when preparing to work with you, what can an author do for you, as an editor?MAGGIE LYONS Before going to an editor, the writer of a work of fiction needs to go over a manuscript with a fine-tooth comb, and also to have submitted it to a critique group so that you’ve had the benefit of other people’s opinions on the whole thing. There can be years of work put into manuscripts before they reach an editor.There are many people who write, and they have wonderful ideas that should be in print - but they don’t have a good grasp of grammar. We expect to edit that - we call that mechanical editing. But their ideas and their style is something that will come from the writer, although a good editor can help with that. The copyeditor is the one that will smooth out those ruffles. There’s a mantra for copy editors: Comprehensibility, clarity, correctness, consistency, and concision.You want to make a piece of writing absolutely shine, but you have to be very careful not to squash the writers’ voice. If you destroy the writer’s voice you shou ldn’t be editing - that’s when you don’t want to obey all the rules in the book. You have to treasure a writer’s voice, especially a strong voice.–After our conversation, Maggie very kindly followed up with some comments on the degree to which exercising judgement makes all the difference in editing stylistic writing, especially fiction.–â€Å"In terms of what being a good or bad editor means, I’d like to add that being overzealous with the rule book can make pablum of a text or destroy the author’s intentions. For example, in a work of fiction, when writers want to intensify the dramatic action, they may wish to use use less commas and/or periods (full stops) and write more fragmented content. An editor who is determined to correct what seems to be sloppy style and grammar could slow down the momentum the writer has carefully built, or destroy it all together. In an academic or business context, an overzealous editor could re place all the technical jargon with standardized terminology (and at the risk of imposing the wrong meaning). When a book or a document is intended to be read by professionals serving a particular industry, the copy editor would be wise to retain the terminology the readers know and understand, regardless of whether its jargon.Good editors will respect a writer’s voice and not try to write the content in their own style. They’ll also be flexible with rules and willing to negotiate with the writer on arguable points. Points of editorial style are frequently negotiable. Points of grammar, however, much less so.I also do ESL editing (English as a second language) for clients whose mother tongue is not English. That may require some creative thinking! But I am in close touch with those clients and have plenty of opportunity to make sure I have interpreted their meaning correctly. Sometimes it can be quite a challenge because the clients have difficulty in explaining exactl y what they mean! But I love that kind of challenge.†

Googles Motto Strategic Management

Googles Motto Strategic Management Introduction From the onset it would seem that Google was destined for success and to do great things from the moment of its inception; there is no doubt that Google tackled and solved a critical issue in the information technology sector that has persisted for long in very ingenious ways.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google’s Motto Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is this Google’s first ingenious innovation that would set the stage for its future successes in the years to come, which is an expectation that it has not failed to deliver. It is no doubt that the technological innovation of its revolutionary search algorithm is what provided it with the lucky break that it so much needed (Gladwell). It is on this backdrop that we can best analyze the Company’s most influential motto and its business strategy in general that has positioned Google to become the present day m ultibillion Company that it is. Google’s Motto: Don’t be Evil Google’s motto of â€Å"don’t be evil† is best expounded in its corporate values that have greatly shaped the business ethics of the company and significantly driven its success in the industry. From the onset the founders of the company adopted and instilled strong and distinctive corporate values in every aspect of its business processes. These values which formed Google philosophy have been integral to its success and this motto is one of the most integral corporate values tenets that drives the company which are â€Å"i) do no evil, ii) technology matters and iii) we make our own rules† (Edelman and Eisenmann). These three rules amongst others have had a profound effect on the company’s actions and contributed immensely to its performance. The principle of â€Å"do no evil†, which has consequently becomes the Company’s motto guides all the company’s core business activities which are mainly in advertising and search business; as a result of this motto Google for instance forbids the advertising of guns, hard liquor and pornography content on its sites (Google.com).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, because of its motto, Google insists on ethics in its advertising business and does not engage in manipulating results to make a quick profit or misconstrue facts to gain a competitive edge which has served to maintain its integrity. Its search engine is designed to show only relevant results that have not been manipulated; as a result of its integrity, Google searches are respected by users as the results are reliable, dependable and trustworthy. It is no wonder then that Google’s share of the search business was approximated in 2010 to be at â€Å"65% in US and 90% in the rest of the world† (Edelman and Eisenmann). Google’s unique motto and corporate values are also seen in other varied ways such as in the way that it claims to make its own rules and does not allow itself to be controlled by limitations placed by the industry (Edelman and Eisenmann). Just recently in 2009 it would be remembered that Google opted to pull out of Chinese market rather than bend to pressure of government dictatorial laws that demanded that Google hand over personal data for some of its customers so that the government can monitor their communications. Choices such as this and others where US federal government was also at one time demanding the same had only served to assert how Google takes seriously its motto of â€Å"do no evil†. Google Success Factors In general Google’s success factors can be comprehensively summarized in a range of four factors even though they are many and varied, these are; first rate technology, business innovation, core competence integri ty (Google.com).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google’s Motto Strategic Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly is the fact that Google has complimented its business model with an effective corporate and governance structure and sought the best human resource skills that it nurtured as the Company continued to grow. Google’s unique organization and corporate structure is what enabled it to perform effectively because employees are not bogged down by the organizations red tape (Edelman and Eisenmann). Google’s CEO Eric Schmidt has developed a unique and unconventional approach of managing the employees. He developed the 70/20/10 rule of managing innovation in employees which stated that 70% of all their time and effort should be spent on the organization’s core activity which was search business and advertisement while the rest of the time could be used in designing personal projects (Edelman and Eisenmann). This rule has not only been unique to most mainstream organizations, but is also the strategy behind Google’s success in producing very innovative products. The 20% time spent by engineers on related projects has been the source of virtually all new and major innovations that the company has developed which include Gmail, Google Earth, amongst others (Edelman and Eisenmann). The company acknowledges that most of its innovations come from engineers’ personal projects rather than from the company’s top management (Edelman and Eisenmann). The company also operates small work teams as opposed to wide departments as is the tradition in large organization in the industry.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because of what the CEO describes as focused energy because few people working together offer several advantages which he cites as being â€Å"more productive and allow the company to pursue several hundred projects simultaneously† (Google.com). Google’s has also done away with middle level management personnel which has served to cut bureaucracy and increases efficiency which is integral to its success of its projects (Google.com). Google’s Challenges While it is clear that Google’s unique organization and governance structure as well as its corporate values have been a source of its distinctive competitive advantage, it also places severe limitation on the organization success. The absolute control that has been placed on the three top executives demonstrates lack of an oversight body such as a board of directors in controlling and managing risk. Though the company has not undertaken any project that has resulted in a major loss, we cannot foret ell if its smooth run will continue into the future. A board of director that is especially skilled and independent is useful in advising and managing risk in a company but which Google has none, courtesy of its unique organizational structure. Google’s unique corporate and management strategy is valuable in attracting brilliant engineers that aspire to work in an environment where they can pursue projects that they desire independently. However, as the company grows and matures, its current management naturally becomes more engaged in social and family activities which mean they have less time to commit to the Company. Thus, there is need to inject new management which is unlikely to happen under the present governance system that the organization has. Edelman, B. Eisenmann. â€Å"Google Inc.† Boston: Harvard Business School. 2010. Print Gladwell, J. â€Å"Factors behind Google’s Early Success, 2011.† Web. http://theideapost.blogspot.com/2011/03/what-a re-factors-behind-googles-early.html. Google.com. â€Å"Play it safe, family-safe, 2011.† Web.

Leadersip , effective leaders what makes them effective Research Paper

Leadersip , effective leaders what makes them effective - Research Paper Example The research paper explores the phenomena of leadership, an intriguing subject that has attracted much attention of researchers and scholars of every age. It is undoubted that leadership is one of the most researched upon subject in the history of mankind and literature available on the topic is extensive in nature with variance in each theory and philosophy. For the purpose of simplicity this research would only focus on the attributes or practices that make a leader effective and inspirational. The domain considered for this research is the business arena, excluding political, public or social leadership. The analysis or research methodology for this endeavor is based on explorative approach where management books, articles from reliable sources and peer reviewed journals would be considered. The purpose of this research is to explore and understand the recent trends in leadership and the attributes that make a leader effective, comparing popular literature with real life leaders s erving their organizations. According to Stephen R. Covey (2003), highly effective people have seven habits that make them great leaders. These habits essentially point towards the attributes possessed by great leaders of modern post industrial revolution or knowledge based economy. The first habit, being proactive indicates that effective leaders take initiatives, make decisions and own the consequences of decisions made. The second habit or attribute defined by Covey (2003) is the ability to predict the future, devise a vision and a mission statement by self discovery with alignment to values and principals inherent in the leaders beliefs and faced scenario that bring success to the group. The third attribute of putting first things first, emphasize on the planning skills of leaders, prioritizing the most important issues while keeping check the principals and

Capstone Course Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Course - Essay Example Looking back, much of my time as a student was spent deciphering theories and philosophies with little or no effort in comprehending the practicality and application of these concepts, perspectives, and beliefs. Like many others, I too questioned the relevance of my learning with what I aimed to do in my professional life. Thus, the senior capstone course has acted as a bridge between theory and application, which is an outcome that I value the most. While an integration of subject-specific and cross-disciplinary knowledge and the assimilation of theory and application are the outcomes of my course experience that I greatly value. The learning outcome that I believe will be most helpful in my professional career is that of an enhanced level of self-efficacy, which is one of the characteristics internalized in a student during capstone courses (Dunlap 65). The systematic design of the course included class participation, interdisciplinary project, e-portfolio, research presentation an d a course reflective essay. The effort undertaken for the completion of these tasks allowed me to assume a larger share of the responsibility for my education and also played an integral role in acting as a means of socialization with my classmates and course instructor (Collier 285-299). The fact that the capstone project was planned as an independent endeavor meant that each student had to embark upon the task of using his/her individual learning, distinct perspectives on a range of topics and issues and cross-disciplinary knowledge to produce an independent study. My course project on insurance fraud was reflective of a range of understandings and comprehensions on the subject matter. The most critical factor which shaped the course of my independent study on insurance fraud was being on the ground. I also noted in my reflective essay on insurance fraud, how my interactions with the victims of this menace helped in the establishment of a relationship of trust.

A narrative account of a multilingual informant Essay

A narrative account of a multilingual informant - Essay Example Thus, this essay aims to utilize both primary and secondary sources and also online information to delineate comparisons, inconsistencies, gaps and flaws that are linked with blended communities. To begin the multilingual informant is known as Chinedu. He is multilingual speaker who practices at least three distinct languages within her community which is Igbo, Swahili and Pidgin. Beardsmore (2008) asserts that multilingual speaker communicate in divergent languages in their daily lives whether it’s in relation to their profession, education, family et cetera. This is because there is a special function of language they utilize, such as at home the distinct language mother tongue is most commonly used to communicate with their family, while if it concerns communication outside family life, especially at workplace they will speak in standard English as it is an official language used for internal an office administration. Chinedu was sent to Britain right after he graduated fro m college. But before he first came to Britain at that time, he had studied English for more than three, and yet he could not speak English at all. In order for him to speak English better, he was extremely fascinated about moving to the United Kingdom. He expected his teacher would teach him English so that he could how speak English. Although he never enjoyed English learning in Nigeria, he always adored his English teacher who had a lot of knowledge of English grammar and sentence structures that assisted him learn English. They taught him their secret skills in memorizing vocabularies is a systematic way, and they taught him how to asses sentences to right answers on a test without comprehending the meaning of the texts. There are many diverse multiplicities of diversity in the UK and Britain is now viewed as a multilingual community. A lot of individuals have come to this place for many sophisticated reason ranging from seeking asylum, employment chances, and education to suppo rt a better way of living. For that reason migration is transforming the linguistic landscape of Britain. The increase in immigrants coming from South Asian, Afro Caribbean and also Commonwealth countries has had a huge effect on what British speak, with languages from those areas seeing sharp increase in usage (Edwards, 2004). Most of the members of the communities are former British colonies. Those immigrants have immigrated to Britain and have created communities with other members with similar interests in connection to culture, religion and customs to fit and to have a sense of belonging. The community that Chinedu found himself in is a community which was created by individuals who migrated in search of better education or employment opportunities. Diasporas is seen as a community of individuals who are bound by some shared history, race or religion. Diaspora brings together communities which are not rather nation, not really religion, not really homesickness, yet they still h ave something to do with nation, religion, longings for homes which might not even exist. These are collectivities and communities which go beyond geological spaces and historical experiences. There are huge numbers of individuals who exist in one place and yet they feel closely related to each other. Thereby, there a lot of ways in which communities are created and this might be through language, music, culinary tastes, religion and so on (Lueng et al., 1997). Chinedu

Problem Identification and Definition of Marketing research plan

Problem Identification and Definition of Marketing research plan Introduction A marketing research plan is the document containing the information regarding the potential market. It outlines specific actions to be taken to attract potential buyers to buy products or services. It is developed as an overall part of a business plan to accomplish the objectives of the organisation (Bradley 2007). This paper will discuss the development of a marketing research plan for entry into the business of a coffee shop and the different methods to develop the plan. It will also discuss different modes of marketing research and the research instrument used to develop the plan. Problem Identification and Definition The first stage is to develop a clear and precise understanding of the research problem, to permit effective conduct of the research process. It is very important to analyse the problems to conduct the research effectively. In this scenario, a veteran market researcher wants to enter into the business of operating a coffee shop and the problem is to identify the potential market and to find the appropriate outlet and product mix for the products and services of the business. The determination of product line and the price to be charged for the product is the identified problem. At the same time, the business is also facing problems with the positioning of the shop in the relevant market. Research Objectives The objectives for this marketing research process are to find an appropriate market and potential customers for the coffee shop by identifying the buying behaviour and habits of the prospective customers. Research Approach A research approach is an important part of the marketing research plan that helps to find relevant data and information and helps to convert information and data into numeric form so that it is easy to develop the marketing plan (Jackson 2008). There are basically two types of research approaches: qualitative and quantitative, which can be used to collect data and gather relevant information. Qualitative research approach: Under a qualitative research approach, the information is gathered in qualitative terms to effectively answer the questions. In this research approach, an in-depth analysis of peoples attitudes and behaviour can be analysed to know their preferences. This approach also helps to understand the complexity of the prospective customers very well so that relevant information can be gathered (Hair Money 2011). The most important thing about this research is that there is no fixed way or theory how best to gather information for the specific problem. It generally uses a small number of respondents. Quantitative research approach: On the other hand, in quantitative research, the data and information is generally transformed into numeric form to answer the research questions. Using this approach, the information is gathered in a holistic view to answer the research questions (Gliner Morgan 2000). All the people in the group are invited to answer the questions for a specific problem. This approach generally tends from general to specific to answer the objectives of the case problem. In this case, quantitative research approach would be more appropriate to find the solution as it would be more effective in analysing customers behaviour regarding the coffee shop business. It would also help in getting relevant information case through the data available and questionnaire. It will also help the researcher to decide the product line as well as its pricing structure. Research Design In this stage, a model is created to conduct the marketing research. An effective research design helps in answering the problems related to the case. The descriptive way of conducting the marketing research is being considered (Creswell 2003). The research design which will be used here is of a descriptive research design, so that solutions to the issues can be obtained. The effectiveness of the research design alone can determine the success of the marketing research process that ultimately affects the quality of the marketing research plan as well. The descriptive design of the research plan will help to provide an in-depth analysis of the situation through effectively analysing individual responses. It will also help to make the research process fast and accurate (Bynner Stribley 2010). At the same time, it brings smoothness to the information gathering and analysis as it answers the case problems effectively. In most cases, it has been seen that due to lack of effective research design the researcher is not able to find relevant answers to problems. The descriptive research design will help to find current users of coffee as well as help to analyse the future demand of the product. As the design is the most time-consuming stage, it needs to be developed carefully. The design will help the researcher to prepare an effective questionnaire for the research process (Maxwell 2005). This questionnaire will help the researcher to find appropriate market, product line and price. For the success of any research process, it is important to choose appropriate respondents, to maximise the chance of achieving a valid outcome. Data Collection Data collection is one of the most important stages in a marketing research process. Different activities, such as data gathering online and questionnaires, will be used to answer the case problems effectively. (Zundel Vignali 2003). Following are some of the ways through which data can be collected. Online data: The online data available can help to gather information on which markets hold the most promise for a new coffee shop. Although Michael doesnt want to use the internet for this research, to answer the first question it will prove to be relevant. The number of coffee chains in a particular area, the increase in the number of percentage of coffee shops and the revenue of competitors can be collected to analyse which markets are most promising. Online survey: The researcher also has the option of conducting an online survey to find appropriate markets and customers for the proposed coffee shop. It is less costly and much preferred in todays world, where people dont have much time to respond in person. The online survey will also help the researcher to get several ideas from the respondents regarding the opening of the coffee shop (Becerra Korgaonkar 2011). It also has additional benefits, such as having quick responses that can help the researcher to get relevant information rapidly and thus to start business as soon as possible. It is also believed that respondents in online surveys respond more honestly in comparison with other means of data collection and surveys. This source of information generation would be the most effective for the researcher to get relevant information. Questionnaire: The questionnaire will help the researcher to collect relevant information. It is one of the most critical aspects of the research and a good questionnaire must meet the two basic criteria of accuracy and relevance. It should be carefully designed to ensure the answers are relevant: thus, how the questions are framed, the sequence of questions and pretesting of questions (Zikmund Babin, 2007). Research Instrument There are various research instruments available to be used for this research to find appropriate solutions to the problems. The use of effective research instruments is very important to determine the success of the marketing research plan. The effective use of the research instrument will help to analyse the situations effectively. To get a solution for the problems, the researcher can use a questionnaire (Gama 2011). This is an effective instrument to find solutions to the issues raised. It will help the researcher to find appropriate markets and customers for the coffee shop. Following is the description of how this instrument can help the researcher to find the appropriate market Questionnaire: A questionnaire is the most common research instruments used to find solutions to research questions. It is a set of questions through which the respondents preferences and taste are determined by the researcher. It will help the researcher to get relevant information. It is very important to prepare effective questions, so that appropriate information can be generated from respondents. Here, the effectiveness of the questionnaire will help the researcher to find the right market as well as potential customers (Katono 2011). The wording, form and ordering of questions really matters a lot in an effective questionnaire as these factors determine the success of the questionnaire. It should also be considered, while determining what questions should be included, that each question should focus on the problems described in the present case. Research measures are an important part of a research question that help to solve the research questions effectively. The measure items for research question 1 are as follows. High density of customers: The high density of potential customers would be effective in finding the most promising market for a coffee shop, as the maximum amount of users will ensure the success for the new coffee shop (Herzog 2010). Maximum coffee users: The number of users who consume coffee is another measure item for the question one. The maximum amount of coffee users will ensure maximum business. Low competition: Low competition is another important measure item for this research question, as it will ensure the opportunity for growth of this coffee shop in the particular market. The first key research question and the measure items are listed below. 1) What markets in the USA hold the most promise for a new coffee shop? Please specify the city you belong to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Where do you drink your coffee the most? Starbucks Coffee Bean Tea Leaf Local barista Other (Please specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ How often do you drink coffee outside? Every day Once in 2-3 days Weekly Fortnightly Other (Please specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ The following are the measure items for research question 2. Central location: A centrally located place would be more appropriate to attract the maximum number of customers for the coffee shop, as people would be willing to go there because it would be within ready access by the customers. Shopping mall: A shopping mall can also be one of the best places for the coffee shop as the number of people visiting malls will enhance its popularity. The second key research question and the measure items are as follows. 2) What type of location is best for a coffee shop? 1. Where do you usually have/pick up your coffee? Shopping Mall City Centre Close to workplace Petrol station Train/bus station 2. When do you most often buy coffee? On the way to work Morning break Lunch time Evening 3. Which type of coffee shop do you prefer? Sit-down coffee shop Drive-thru The following are the measure items for research question 3. Coffee quality: The quality of the coffee helps in making a coffee shop popular in a specific market. It will help to increase customer base for the shop, as most people prefer quality in everything (Herzog 2010). Price: Price is another important aspect that determines popularity of the coffee shop in the market. The researcher can have competitive prices in comparison to its competitors to make the coffee shop popular among the users. Service: Service is another important aspect that determines success of a business. If the services provided by the coffee shop are not up to the level of its competitors, it will not be able to attract customers. The third key research question and the measure items are listed below. 3) What is it that makes a coffee shop popular? Which is the most important factor while choosing a coffee shop? Price Quality Service What do you generally purchase at the coffee shop? Only coffee Snack Toastie Snack and coffee combo Snack and toastie combo Other (Please specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ What kind of service do you prefer? Self-service Table service Take-away The following are the measure items for research question 4. Taste: The taste of the coffee determines the preferences of the users of coffee. Quality: Quality again becomes the reason for the preferences of one product over the other (Miller Strang 2010). Habit: Habit is another important aspect that determines the preferences of Americans regarding the use of coffee. It is in the habit of people to prefer a particular type of coffee. The fourth key research question and the measure items are listed below. 4) What coffee do Americans prefer? Which type of coffee do you prefer? Flat Cappuccino Mocha Black Espresso Other (Please specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Which of the following coffees do you prefer? Hot Cold Iced Would you prefer to buy any other type of beverages (other than coffee)? Yes, please specify†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. No Sample Plan and Size Sample size is an important step in the marketing research process that determines the success of the marketing research plan. In quantitative research, a large sample size is taken to get solution to the problems (Cacic Markovina 2011). Here, a large sample size of respondents will be taken to derive the effective outcome of the problems. Many people often visit the coffee shop and mostly take tea instead of coffee (Usui 2011). Taking their response in a small sample size can affect the outcome of the case and the researcher would be unable to determine the exact market for the coffee shop as well as the potential customers for the shop. At the same time, the large sample size will help to effectively manage the responses of the people to derive a positive outcome. The large sample size will also help in minimising the sample errors associated with small sample sizes. Further, it will help to minimise non-responses in a small sample size (Grossberg 2011). In this case, it is very important to get relevant information regarding coffee users, so that it can capitalize on the information. This is only possible when a large number of customers are being asked about their likes and dislikes. At the same time, it will also require extensive analysis of potential customers to choose an appropriate place for the coffee shop. Data Structuring and Analysis In this stage, the data and information collected will be analysed to derive a positive outcome. It is important as it helps to arrange data in a systematic way. It will help in identifying the specific group of people using coffee. Data structuring helps to analyse the data properly so that effective results can be derived from the data and information gathered (Alexander Rhodes 2011). The ways through which data structuring can be followed to help a researcher to derive a positive outcome include the following. Data mining: Data mining is the process of analysing the data from different perspectives to derive exact information. In data mining, data is analysed from different angles to find appropriate markets and customers for its coffee shop. Here, mining the data would be effective to get relevant information regarding potential customers (Fichet 2011). The data gathered through collection will effectively help to analyse relevant information regarding customer tastes and preferences. Data mining will further help the researcher to establish a strong customer base for his coffee shop, considering customer tastes and preferences and to give guidance on product positioning and fixing prices. Data clustering: Data clustering is the process of separating the data gathered into different groups according to their needs and preferences. Data that has some similarities are kept in a group to help the researcher to analyse it effectively. Here, the data gathered for the coffee shop will be separated based on prospective customers tastes and preferences, so that a researcher can readily derive the necessary information (Mehlhorn Sanders 2008). Data cluster helps to get information regarding not only the number of customers consuming coffee but also helps to find other relevant information regarding those potential customers. Perpetual Mapping: Perpetual mapping is an effective tool that analyses the market conditions and the buyers buying behaviour. It also helps to analyse the complexity among competitors in the market. It is an important tool for the data structuring as it provides complete market knowledge regarding any particular issue or problem. In this case, perpetual mapping would be most effective to analyse the data, as it will provide information regarding the competitors in the market (Alexander Rhodes 2011). Perpetual mapping helps to analyse strategies regarding competitors and provides insight how to satisfy the customers through analysing their buying behaviour. Statistical graph: The researcher also has the option to make a statistical graph to analyse the data gathered. These graphs would effectively analyse the data to enable the researcher to find suitable place for his business. The design of the graph is based on the amount of data and frequency of the questionnaires used for getting relevant information. These statistical graphs will help the researcher to find relevant information regarding potential customers (Mehlhorn Sanders 2008). There are different types of graphs that can be used by the researcher to analyse the data like pictograph, pie chart, map chart, bar graph etc. Report Generation and Presentation With this stage, the whole process of marketing research process is summarised and its conclusions included in a brief document. The result derived with the data and information gathered during this process is analysed to answer the research questions associated with the case study. Effective documentation of the whole process gives an overall idea about the possible solutions of problems (Belk 2006). Important elements of the research process are included in this section to help the researcher to find an appropriate market. It will help the researcher to make effective decisions on the basis of the marketing research process. In this case, the documentation of the process will help researcher to find out his potential market and customers for the coffee shop, as well as help him to position the coffee shop in the best market. The researcher will be able to find answers to questions raised with the help of effective report generation and presentation (Gliner Morgan 2000). The report will include the number of potential customers, their consumption habits, the numbers and types of competitor etc. Thus, it is important to have effective and relevant presentation of research finding to help the researcher to find appropriate markets and potential customers for the coffee shop. Conclusion From the above discussion, a marketing research plan is very important for the success of a business. It provides an overview of the whole market condition to find appropriate markets and customers for its business. The effective analysis of the marketing research process is an important part of the marketing research plan that helps businesses to get established in a particular market. In this case, the marketing research plan may help the researcher to find appropriate market and customers for his coffee shop. The plan may effectively help him to find solutions to the issues regarding the location and preferences for the style of coffee shop.

Naslunds Novel, Ahabs Wife and Melvilles Moby Dick :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Challenging Writing as a Male Tradition in Naslund's Novel, Ahab's Wife and Melville's Moby Dick In Sena Jeter Naslund's novel Ahab's Wife, there is repetitive reference to "the chaos of the waves (40);" Naslund uses these images of turbulent water in contrast to the precise and patterned nature of stitched quilts. She equates the process of "writing a book" to the "posture of sewing (70)." She asserts "when one stitches, the mind travels...And books, like quilts, are made one word at a time, one stitch at a time (70)." The consequences of making this type of connection within a literary narrative authored by a woman writer are penetrative to the fundamental assumptions about the creation of literature. I put forth, then, the theory that Naslund knowingly mocks the concept that writing, particularly writing to make literature, is primarily a male tradition, the prevailing thought during Una's existence as a fictional character. Naslund derives Una from Moby-Dick, takes a peripheral character in a major novel about a man's "war upon the deep (18)," a novel she knows has been marked a classic and has endured beyond its time period, and compels the shadow-figure of the male's narrative into the prominent voice of a female's narrative. What is produced by the male becomes a reproduction by the female. In effect, tradition is usurped, inversed, and woman dominates the text, a text birthed by Melville, a hugely lauded male author. Therefore, man author exchanges positions with woman, becomes impregnated by a story, tells the story, brings the story into existence. The woman author takes the story and retells it, reclaiming it as her own, brings a new story into existence. She overshadows the object of fiction previously created and through intertextuality connects herself to the expanse of literature. She blatantly utilizes the man's text to her own literary advantages, and discovers an act of erecting a me morial for women through "one word at a time." The "stitching" of "one word at a time" in direct opposition to the journey of man's mind which "travels...with ax and oxen through the wilderness (70)" explicitly undermines Ahab's journey, his "war upon the deep," whether or not Una is aware of the disruptive quality of her stream of consciousness. Una suggests that "writing a book...which men

The Teacher Preparation Programme Education Essay

Introduction Teaching practicum is portion of the instructor readying programme. Every pupil instructors needs to undergo learning practicum in order to finish their instruction classs so as University of Malaya TESL ( Teaching English as 2nd linguistic communication ) undergraduates. University of Malaya TESL undergraduates need to travel for learning practicum during their 4th twelvemonth in order to finish their class, Bachelor in Education ( TESL ) in University of Malaya. No uncertainty learning practicum is an of import constituent in teacher instruction programmes. It is because learning practicum is a existent challenge for the pupil instructors where they need to use the theories that they have learnt in the schoolroom. The term pattern learning embracings all the learning experiences of pupil instructors in schools ( Ashraf, 1999 ) . The term pattern instruction has three major intensions: the practicing of learning accomplishments and acquisition of the function of a instructor ; the whole scope of experiences that pupils go through in schools ; and the practical facets of the class as distinguishable from theoretical surveies ( Stones and Morris, 1977 ) . During the instruction practicum, pupil instructors are able to derive experience of learning in the schoolroom and learn to develop teacher-like personalities. At the same clip, they will be exposed to school civilization and learn to map as a member of a school staff beyond schoolroom instru ction ( Laila Hairani, 1996 ) . Besides that, learning practicum besides provides great chance to get downing instructors to go socialised into the profession ( Furlong et.al, 1988 ) . Student instructors ‘ public presentation during their instruction pattern will bode and foretell the hereafter success of the instructor. This survey aims to happen out University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. Beliefs considered as an of import psychological concept to teacher instruction ( Pintrich, 1990 ) . When pupil teachers come to university or travel for learning practicum, they bring many beliefs about learning. These beliefs may ensue from their experiences as a pupil in their schooling period. Furthermore, pupil instructors ‘ experiences in the university through the methodological analysis categories, simulated learning for TESL, and other relevant activities will besides act upon the development of pupils ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. The bing beliefs of pupil instructors should be considered in the instructor instruction programme as these beliefs interact with their acquisition procedure ( Esen Uzuntiryaki, 2007 ) . Namely, such beliefs would act upon pupil instructors to construe and analyze the pedagogical cognition, conceptualisation of learning undertakings, their instruction determinations and their schoolroom pattern ( King, Shumow & A ; Lietz, 2001 ; Pajares, 1992 ) . Therefore, throughout the instructor instruction programme, it is really of import for the lectors to place pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum before they go for existent instruction and promote them to reflect upon these beliefs ( Esen Uzuntiryaki, 2007 ; Mellado, 1998 ; Southerland & A ; Gess-Newsome, 1999 ) . If lectors understand and know pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction, lectors would hold different outlooks from them. Besides, it would besides be a great chance for lectors to assist pupil inst ructors to determine their positions about instructor functions. This may decidedly act upon the manner pupil instructors receive and procedure cognition, recognise and accept values and develop and heighten accomplishments needed for effectual instruction ( Clarita M. de Leon-Carillo, 2007 ) . In short, every pupil will convey their ain positions and outlook on learning when they come ining a instructor instruction programme. This paper will be discoursing University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum. Background of the survey The debut of the instructor instruction system was due to the recommendation made by Wolley Committee in 1980. It is formed to fix instructors for school. Harmonizing to the surveies, the schools were undergoing rapid growing in the early nineteenth century ; hence, it needed a big Numberss of instructors that clip. For that ground, different programmes or teacher preparation establishments existed to develop instructor of authorities schools, government-assisted schools and even common schools. There were three chief teacher developing establishments: Non-graduate establishments which include the assorted instructor preparation colleges and centres Teachers ‘ colleges and centres administered by the Ministry of Education are non afflicted to any university. The Ministry of Education is responsible for ordering classs for surveies and attesting successful campaigners in a centrally-controlled scrutiny. The scrutiny boards, nevertheless, are composed of representatives from different colleges. The instructors colleges offer biennial full-time class. A three-year class was provided from 1956 to 1968 for pupils who possessed merely three old ages of secondary school makings. Graduate teacher preparation establishments, viz. , University of Malaya Faculty of Education, University Sains Malaysia Centre for Educational Studies and University Kebangsaan Department of Education The alumnus instructor preparation establishments administered by the universities enjoy a big step of liberty though they depend upon the Ministry of Education for fiscal support. One of the alumnus instructor preparation establishments, University of Malaya has embarked on a series of experiments in teacher instruction and modified the instructor instruction classs to carry through its function as a beginning of supply of alumnus instructors. For illustration, from the 1971/72 Sessionss, the Diploma of Education Course has modified and consisted of the undermentioned: Foundations of Education ( 5 units ) , Methodology of learning ( 2 units ) and Teaching pattern ( 3 units ) . In-service instructor preparation programmes Harmonizing to Francis ( 1972 ) , during the British disposal small attending was paid to preparation of instructors. When Peninsular Malaysia became independent in 1957, upgrading the quality of instructors became the precedence of the Ministry of Education. The types of classs presently available may be divided into four major groups: initial instructor preparation classs held during holidaies for impermanent untrained instructors auxiliary full-time classs for trained instructor full-time and holiday classs for trained instructors to utilize Malay as the medium of direction and to learn English as 2nd linguistic communication holiday classs for the upgrading of qualified instructors in the assorted subjects. No affair what establishments you were traveling, learning practicum is one of the classs that you need to undergo in order to graduate from the establishment to go a instructor. Teacher Training Division of the Ministry of Education Malaysia regarded the instruction pattern as a series of practical and systematic school experiences to assist pupil instructors to go professional in their instruction calling ( Malaysia Education Ministry, 1990 ) . The pupils ‘ learning field experience is an indispensable constituent of larning to learn and supervising dramas an of import function ( Zahorik, 1988 ) . Harmonizing to the National Education Philosophy Malaysia, â€Å" instruction in Malaysia is an ongoing attempt towards further developing the potency of persons in a holostic and incorporate mode, so as to bring forth persons who are intelectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced and harmonic, based on a steadfast belief in and devotedness to God. Such an attempt is designed to bring forth Malayan citizens who are knowing and competent, who possess high moral criterions and who are responsible and capable of accomplishing high degree of personal wellbeing every bit good as being able to lend to the harmoniousness and improvement of the household, the society and the state at big † . Over a century ago the laminitiss of normal schools introduce learning pattern as an built-in portion of the course of study for the prospective simple school instructor. During this century learning pattern in secondary schools became a standard portion of the professional course of study in all types of colleges and universities. Since 1969, the instruction pattern agreements at the Faculty of Education, University of Malaya have undergone some extremist alterations in order to run into student instructors ‘ demands every bit good as to run into the National Education Philosophy Malaysia. Today, pupils are paired harmonizing to their first method option. During the instruction pattern, the pupil instructor conducts schoolroom lessons and performs the responsibilities of a instructor in school. Furthermore, this period of practical experience, pupil instructors will be guided and supervised by supervisors and co-operative instructors in the school. The instructor preparation division introduced the clinical supervising theoretical account ( Goldhammer, 1966 ) for all the instructor preparation colleges or universities in Malaya from June to October 1989. This theoretical account focuses on the integrating of planning, observation, rating and analysis of lessons. The pupil instructors ‘ schoolroom public presentation is observed, recorded, analysed and paid attending to the content and method facets of lesson execution. Each supervisor will do a reappraisal and measure pupil instructors ‘ public presentation in term of strengths and failings in instruction and to concentrate on countries for attending and betterment. The supervisor plays an of import function in learning pattern as they need to steer and confer with the peculiar pupil instructors based on their public presentation. Bachelor of Education: Teaching as 2nd linguistic communication ( TESL ) programme offered through University of Malaya Teaching as 2nd linguistic communication ( TESL ) is a four twelvemonth class. Students who undergo and specialize in TESL class will larn and get the hang patterns in instruction of English as 2nd linguistic communication. They will be trained for callings as English linguistic communication instructors. The module of instruction of University Malaya will set up the classs which heavy focal point on applied and theoretical linguistic, instructors ‘ cultural, specialisation in learning methodological analysis and techniques, every bit good as programmes that prepare pupil instructors for the doctorial work in the subjects. In order to finish the grade, undergraduates need to carry through the class demand. The undermentioned tabular array is the illustration of class construction for the unmarried man of instruction ( get downing admittance session 2007/08 ) that undergraduates are required to carry through during the four old ages class. Form the tabular arraies, the mean recognition hours for each topic in each class is about three recognition hours. However, learning practicum consists of eight hr for itself entirely. It tells us that learning practicum plays an of import function in the whole instruction programme. Teaching pattern is normally implemented during the concluding stage of the instructor instruction programme. It is because the aim of practicum is to guarantee that pupil instructors get accomplishments, cognition, attitude and the values throughout the classs that are required by every professional instructor. The major accent of the instruction pattern is on learning and see both in and out of the schoolroom and development of appropriate personality traits of a instructor. Teaching practicum is a critical constituent of Teacher Education Programme. If pupils instructors had a incorrect beliefs about learning practicum, and they will decidedly neglect to get the hang learning methodological analysis, learning cultural and some other accomplishments provided by the university. Besides that, they will besides confront troubles during learning practicum. The pupil instructors would endure when they go for learning pattern when they are in the concluding degree. In a nutshell, each and every instruction institute is making their best to supply the most suited classs in order to bring forth a professional instructor in the hereafter. However, one ‘s beliefs will easy impact one ‘s larning attitude every bit good as one ‘s learning presentation no affair during the learning procedure or in the hereafter. Therefore, besides supplying the good classs, the university besides needs to take pupils ‘ beliefs into history so that the governments and the lectors could learn and leave the right instruction beliefs about learning practicum to the pupil. For case, the university can concentrate more on the Doctrine of Education to assist pupils to see better the nature of a human existences every bit good as the nature of larning manner. If the university understands what the pupil instructors ‘ concerns are and what are the beliefs that inhibit them from larning and execute better during microteaching, the university can ea sy set the classs to accommodate the pupils ‘ demands and fix the pupils to the instruction practicum. Statement of the job Teaching Practicum is by and large recognized both within and outside Malaysia that most pupils â€Å" are fierce in asseverating that learning pattern is one of the most valuable and one of the worst conducted parts of preparation † ( Francis & A ; Paul, 1973 ) . Why Francis & A ; Paul described learning practicum as the worst conducted parts of preparation? It is because pupil instructors have to play two functions at the same clip which are a scholar and a co-teacher. Student instructors are expected to show what they have possess the cognition and accomplishments through teacher instruction classs ; viz. planning, developing the lesson, pass oning, pull offing the schoolroom and besides measuring the pupils. Besides that, they are besides expected to follow professional attitude to their work as a co-teacher. There are several topics provided in teacher instruction classs, while learning practicum is one country in which the instructor preparation colleges and the universities portion many common jobs. One of the jobs is that pupil instructors may keep deeply to their beliefs about learning practicum indirectly affect their public presentation in learning during learning practicum or even in their hereafter learning calling. As we know, whenever pupils were to larn a new topic or to expose to a more ambitious cognition, they will keep to their beliefs in order to do themselves comfy to the state of affairs. However, pupil may hold some mistaken thoughts about the peculiar topics, so as the pupil instructors. Some of the pupil instructors may transport a positive and right belief about teacher practicum while some may non. This affair is really of import because wrong scholar beliefs will negatively impact their presentation every bit good as their public presentation in category. Student instructors may non portray themselves absolutely as a professional instructor when they hold wrong beliefs about instruction. This paper is to look into TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum after they have undergone several programmes provided by Faculty of Education, University of Malaya. It is to see if they have common beliefs about learning practicum and it would anticipate if the pupil instructors held a correct or wrong belief about learning practicum. Many pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about school come from their experiences as pupils. They have formed feelings about themselves and their abilities, about the nature of cognition, and about how ‘learning ‘ takes topographic point. So, this paper would reexamine and foreground on TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum on two major constituents, viz. the anterior to learning practicum and schoolroom direction. Aims of the survey The aims of the survey are listed below: To depict the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ anterior beliefs about learning practicum. To research and place the constituents of the teacher instruction plan that help to construct their beliefs about learning practicum. Research Questions For the intent of this survey, relevant informations are required to reply the undermentioned inquiries: What are the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ anterior beliefs about learning practicum? What are the constituents of the teacher instruction plan that help to construct pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about learning practicum? Definition of cardinal footings Beliefs There are different ways to depict beliefs. H.A. Hodges said â€Å" belief is a moral act for which the truster is to be held responsible † , while Frank Pajares explained it as â€Å" aˆÂ ¦ Defining beliefs is at best a game of participants ‘ pick. They travel in camouflage and frequently under alias-attitudes, values, judgements, maxims, political orientation, perceptual experiences, personal theories, internal mental procedure, constructs, action schemes, regulations of pattern, practical rules, positions, repertories of apprehension, and societal scheme. Practicum The significance of practicum in this context is a specialised field of survey that is designed to give pupils supervised practical application of antecedently studied theory after undergo class in school or college. Teaching Practicum Teaching Practicum is the last of the series of pedagogical classs. A pupil instructor is asked to learn under the supervising of a certified instructor in order to measure up for a grade in instruction. Student instructors use this chance to execute instruction theory and to widen their practical experiences. Student Teacher Student instructor is synonymous with the term trainee instructor. Student instructor is a selected campaigner who has been enrolled for the instructor instruction programme class and is under the counsel of an university supervisor and other forces involved in the supervisory undertaking. 1.6 Significance of the survey This survey aims to garner and analyze relevant informations which will supply the necessary information so that a description of the beliefs about learning practicum of TESL undergraduates of University of Malaya can be obtained. The focal point of the job of the survey is to place what the University of Malaya TESL undergraduates ‘ beliefs about learning practicum are. The consequence of the information analysis would so assist us every bit good as other pedagogues to organize a better understanding towards pupil instructors ‘ beliefs about instruction and besides learning practicum. We may place if the pupil instructors have carried a incorrect belief about learning practicum all the clip. It will non merely profit the pedagogues, but the pupils will understand better about themselves and acknowledge which is the right or incorrect belief they have. Many argue that wrong pupil instructors ‘ beliefs would negatively impact their teaching attitude. Through the survey, the findings would give each pedagogue a great chance to alter and modified the instruction system and organize a footing for suggesting a better programme for pupils to determine their position of instructors ‘ function. Furthermore, pedagogues may make a better environment every bit good as learning course of study to fix the pupil instructors to learn efficaciously and leave them the passion of instruction. Last but non least, placing fluctuation of pupils ‘ beliefs may besides increase pupils ‘ degree of assurance. Once pupils have their ain beliefs, they would non happen instruction is a hard undertaking. Through the survey, we can besides see what pupil instructors have prepared for learning practicum. Subsequently the pupils would see beliefs as a chief beginning that would impact personal development and the acquisition and learning procedure. 1.7 Restrictions of the survey The restriction to this research is that it is done merely questionnaires. Although it is good and proved method of making research through the aggregation of informations, it is still restricted to certain types of inquiries. In add-on, there are a few of survey sing beliefs about learning practicum in Malaysia context. Besides that, this research is limited to 40 undergraduates of University of Malaya merely. While the findings of the survey can be used for pulling decisions about the beliefs about learning practicum of this university, they can non needfully be generalise to other university undergraduates. In add-on, the Numberss of undergraduates who participate in this research do non stand for a complete probe of all the undergraduates in this university nor other universities. Pintrich, P. R. ( 1990 ) . Deductions of psychological research on pupils larning and college instruction for teacher instruction. Handbook of research on instructor instruction ( pp. 826-857 ) . New York: Macmillan.