Toyota Motor Corporation Essay Example for Free

Toyota Motor Corporation Essay In a business association, the association is made out of frameworks that focus on in general effectiveness. A frameworks approach is fundamental at whatever point something is being structured, overhauled, actualized, improved, or in any case changed. It is imperative to consider the effect on all pieces of the framework. Consider possessing and working a car. It has numerous parts and frameworks that can glitch; a portion of these are basic. The vehicle would not work or would be hazardous to work without them. The Toyota Company appeared to have missed the significance of the effect on all parts a framework as they went under examination with the biggest review of vehicles in the United States in 2009-2010. These reviews were activated by an auto crash in August 2009 that ended the lives of four individuals. This task will take a gander at what boundaries made the frameworks flop inside the Toyota Company that thusly changed the mentalities of their buyers and their trust towards Toyota. Toyota Motor Corporation The Toyota Motor Corporation was set up in 1933 as a division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Works under the course of Kiichiro Toyoda. In 1934, the organization created its first Type A motor at the support of the Japanese government, and after two years the organization delivered its first traveler vehicle, the Toyota AA and in 1937 was built up as a free organization. In 1957 Toyota set up its first deals, advertising, and circulation auxiliary in the U.S., called Toyota Motor Sales Inc. In 1982, Toyota Motor Corporation shaped a joint endeavor with General Motors, called New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. what's more, started creation in the U.S. in 1988 building up new brands for this market. In 2009, Toyota utilized in excess of 8,900 individuals and regulated 14 provincial workplaces all through the 50 states. Toyota delivered 5.2 million vehicles in 58 creation destinations in 2000, and by 2009 they had the ability to create 10 million vehicles and had included 17 creation locale s. Toyota had included the limit of a Chrysler-sized organization. (Greto et al., 2010). In January 2010, Toyota suspended deals of eight reviewed vehicle models to fix quickening agent pedals with mechanical issues that could make them become stuck. In December 2012, Toyota reported an understanding worth more than $1,000 million to settle a claim including unintended speeding up in a portion of its vehicles (Slobe, 2010) Existing Processes As indicated by Greto et al.(2010) the Toyota organization fused a way of thinking known as the Toyota Way. This arrangement of standards was to realize approaches that called for persistent improvement, which empowered collaboration, regard, and incentive for individuals. The Toyota Way was to urge workers to make progress toward flawlessness. Another key procedure to make reference to is the Toyota Production System (TPS). It was intended to expel all superfluous waste from the creation and assembling process. Something other than squander evasion, it meant to take out any overabundance interference, misalignment, superfluous work, or redundancies in the creation procedure that enhance clients. In particular, TPS tended to seven sorts of waste: overproduction, administrator movement, pausing, transport, self-preparing, stock, and rectification (adjust and scrap). Through TPS, Toyota had the option to altogether lessen lead-time and creation costs (p 4). Significance to Toyota These procedures both presented vital to the Toyota Company since when you worth and regard your representatives and outer constituents it realizes a degree of trust and cohesiveness in the work place and your organization picks up dedication from the clients. At the point when everybody is working as a group, any difficulties that exist are met with fortitude and this makes a degree of inspiration inside the organization to realize improvement. With respect to the having a creation framework that will bring to the cutting edge at the beginning any issues, it disposes of sat around idly, creation expenses, and labor. It assembles an establishment to where representatives are solid where they grasp the way of thinking of value toward the beginning. It likewise makes a learning situation where pioneers who cautiously comprehend the way of thinking, will instruct it to other people. This develops the organization and develops it for progress. Degree: Breadth of its compass The extent of its span can be all through the worldwide market. Within the car business as well as on the grounds that Toyota enhanced into a few nonautomotive organizations, it can likewise influence ventures in aviation, advanced education, mechanical autonomy, account, and rural biotechnology (Greto et al., 2010). Gatherings included: clients just as interior and outside providers. When there is a breakdown in these procedures, it impacts the workers and every outside partner. For instance, when a breakdown happened in the lines of correspondence between the Japan and U.S. workplaces, in reacting to the issues with the broken quickening agents, in addition to the fact that customers was influenced, investors were influenced. At the point when the notoriety of an organization is discolored, it influences the investors and they remain to lose cash they put resources into the organization. Gracefully sellers are additionally influenced when these procedures breakdown since they lose business also. Contenders can likewise be emphatically influenced by this. They gain the clients who decide to no longer work with Toyota. Need: the idealness or criticalness. Idealness is imperative to any business as this ascribes to the nature of administration an organization gives clients, to representative concerns, matters concerning gracefully merchants and investors to give some examples. Toyota didn't promptly address the worries of their clients at first until it turned out to be more in the open eye. This detracts from the estimation of the organization and it positively influenced client reliability and fulfillment no doubt. The organization stock worth went down and it endured a huge number of dollars in lost. Idealness is surely a need for any business. Generally effect or advantages of progress to Toyota The general effect for Toyota prompted somebody biting the dust while driving a flawed vehicle hence all the a great many dollars they were fined still doesn't compensate for the passing of a person’s life. This goes down in Toyota’s history book as it cost them their notoriety. The advantage is that can happen is to push the board to investigate their general organization tasks and separate the territories that need upgrades; distinguish extra imperfections and rebuild their operational frameworks. In the event that changes are to happen, Toyota has the chance to make changes, fabricate increasingly inventive vehicles, and make activities that includes the networks they work with as an approach to construct trust and their notoriety. Cost to Toyota if the procedure isn't improved The expense to Toyota if these procedures are not improved could mean disappointment with lost market. The business can fail; workplaces close down, over the top stock, stock value diminishes, and worker cutbacks that add to the joblessness rate.

Death Penalty essay Essays

Capital punishment article Essays Capital punishment article Essay Capital punishment article Essay Paper Topic: Capital punishment Studies show that capital punishment is an in-powerful obstacle of wrongdoing and is a monetary weight to citizens, areas, and states. The principle issues of this article are whether capital punishment is truth be told, an obstacle of wrongdoing, and if the weight of the expense related with capital punishment merits the revenge. As Mahatma Ghandi stated, tit for tat leaves all of us daze. The death penalty is the condemning of indicted crooks to death. It is a profoundly questionable and begging to be proven wrong theme. This is an issue that keeps numerous individuals, predominantly government officials, hurling and turning around evening time. Is it moral? Is it an obstacle of wrongdoing? Is it worth the cash we spend on capital punishment cases? There are a wealth of studies, articles, contentions, and assessments both for and against capital punishment. This paper will take a gander at the contentions, and show that capital punishment is anything but an exceptionally powerful obstacle of wrongdoing, and it will likewise show that it isn't financially Justified. Capital punishment goes back a huge number of years, however it in the United States it has become a point that is dubious. There have been numerous legitimate difficulties in the previous fifty years, testing the profound quality of the executions. In 1967 a ban was put on capital punishment after the Supreme Courts finding that it was subjective and whimsical and that it abused the eighth Amendment. (The death penalty, 2013). It wasnt a decision that capital punishment itself was unlawful, yet that the laws as composed were savage and unordinary discipline. States composed new laws, and in 1977 executions continued. The primary execution after the ban was in Utah, demise by terminating crew. Discouragement, in the attitude of capital punishment supporters, is the conviction that hoodlums or would be lawbreakers dread passing more than all else. Judge Robert E. Crowe expressed It is the conclusiveness of capital punishment which imparts dread into the core of each killer, and it is the dread of discipline which secures society. (Crowe, 1925, para3). A study of driving criminologists by Radelet Lacock (2009), demonstrated that a bewildering 88% didn't concur that capital punishment is an obstruction of wrongdoing. They accept that an abolishment on capital punishment would not bring about any noteworthy ascent in crime percentages. Most of law authorization reviewed accepts the death penalty doesn't dissuade rough wrongdoing. (Ralelet Lacock, 2009). Another overview of police boss expresses that they rank capital punishment most minimal on approaches to prevent wrongdoing. They accept that an expansion in law requirement and bringing down medication misuse are the most ideal approaches to lessen brutality. Despite the fact that there are numerous examinations expressing that capital punishment is an obstacle of wrongdoing, The National Research Council (2012) inferred that the investigations on the impact of homicide rates and capital punishment were truly imperfect. They demonstrated that the investigations didnt consider the impacts of non capital disciplines, and utilized inadequate or unlikely models. They discovered three major blemishes: 1) The examinations didn't factor in the impacts of non-capital disciplines that might be forced. 2) The investigations utilized imcomplete or doubtful models of potential killers view of and reactions to the utilization of the death penalty. 3) Estimates of the impact of the death penalty depend on factual models that make suspicions that are not valid. (The National Research Council, 2012). of lawbreakers. He accepts that killers dont think about capital punishment as an explanation not to execute. Individuals who are thinking about homicide don't plunk down and gauge the results. He trusts it is an unpredictable and defective procedure which ought to be suspended. The choice on whether a litigant gets capital punishment is subject to such a large number of factors: The watchfulness of the investigator, the capability of the guard lawyers, the cosmetics of the Jury, and the disposition of the Judge and bids court. Further research shows that most homicides are submitted in the warmth of enthusiasm, affected by medications or liquor, or in light of the fact that ofa psychological instability. During the demonstration of perpetrating murder, crooks don't hope to be gotten and there is little idea being given to the outcomes of the activity. In any event, when a homicide is planned, the criminal concentrates more on getting away from capture, identification, or conviction. (saroktn, 2011). The ACLUs position on capital punishment (2012) is that it damages a protected restriction on savage and uncommon discipline and the certifications of fair treatment. They accept that states ought not give themselves the option to slaughter, particularly with deliberation and festivity. They trust it is out of line since it is dependant of the competency of the lawyers, how much cash the litigant has, the race of the person in question, and where the wrongdoing happens. (ACLU 2012) The death penalty in the United States is abnormal in light of the fact that it is the main western industrialized country that participates in the training. It is likewise bizarre in light of the fact that solitary a little level of indicted executioners are condemned to death. The crime rate in the United States is multiple times higher than any western European district. This is stunning because of the way that the United States is the main region with capital punishment. Right now there are eighteen states without capital punishment. In President Jimmy Carters article Show Death Penalty the Door (2012), he furnishes measurements on tates with capital punishment versus tates without capital punishment. The paces of murders are higher in states with capital punishment. Take North and South Dakota for instance: Both of these states are fundamentally the same as in populace, culture, and district. North Dakota doesn't have capital punishment and South Dakota does. There are increasin gly capital violations in South Dakota. As per the Department of Justice (FBI Uniform Crime Report, 2012), the national homicide rate was about the equivalent in 2011 as in 2012. The Northeast area of the United States, the locale with the least executions, had the most reduced homicide ate of some other district. The homicide rate in the upper east additionally diminishes 3. 4%. The southern locale, the district with the most noteworthy execution rate, again had the most noteworthy homicide rates. Six of the nine states with the most reduced homicide rate are states without capital punishment. Equity Bryon White, (Furman v. Georgia), noticed that when just a small part of people who submit murder are executed, capital punishment is illegally unreasonable. The exercises of Furman frequent present day real factors in many states since it is utilized so once in a while as to oppose the rationale of discouragement. 972) When gauging the all the deflecting realities, capital punishment doesn't bode well for our nation. While taking a gander at the financial factors and expenses of capital punishment, the closures don't Justify The expense of capital punishment is unmistakably more costly than the expense of life in jail. Previous District Attorney, Sterling Goodspeed, expressed miou can house hood lums in the Waldorf Hotel for sixty to seventy years and feed them three suppers every day less expensive than we can dispute a solitary capital punishment case. An investigation by the National Bureau of Economic Research show that the weight put n citizens because of capital homicide allegations is a tremendous weight to regions. These preliminaries cost so much that slices in the financial plan must be made somewhere else. States and areas could spare millions by taking out these preliminaries. (Baicker, 2012). Insights show that the expense is such a great amount of higher for an assortment of reasons. These costly preliminaries need extraordinary resistance groups spend significant time in capital punishment cases. The expense of security, claim to fame witnesses and DNA testing are Just a portion of the immense costs these preliminaries bring about. A significant number of the countrys driving law authorization work force, criminologists, Judges nd others accept that the assets that are placed into these amazingly costly preliminaries ought to be diverted somewhere else. The cash could be spent on improving the network and avoidance programs. (Kondavic, 2012). Research shows that individuals who go to Early Childhood programs are less inclined to carry out violations. Secondary school programs that help in danger youth arrive at graduation likewise assists with decreasing wrongdoing. These projects could profit by the extra assets that capital homicide cases absorb. (Equivalent Justice USA,2013). Group avoidance programs and psychological wellness administrations will likewise help lessen riminal action. Offering these types of assistance to Juveniles lessens their likelihood of being captured. It has been said that if the culprits in the numerous ongoing acts of mass violence would have been offered these administrations, a great deal of injury and gore could have been stayed away from. Treatment has effectively diminished wrongdoing, detainment, and recidivism. Most law authorization authorities concur that assets to support the people in question and their families are required. These assets could pay for sorrow guiding, grants, clinical costs, and crisis reserves. Since the utilization of DNA testing more than ne-hundred thirty individuals have been absolved from death row. Presently the courts are being overflowed with costly interests and DNA testing. Not exclusively would getting rid of capital punishment diminish the court frameworks and set aside cash, yet it will guarantee that no honest man or lady ever be wrongly executed. (Related Press, 2009) Research and proof show that putting a ban on capital punishment for good would be better for citizens and the entirety of this countrys networks. It would likewise guarantee that no honest individual will ever be sentenced to death. The obstacle on-screen character and the monetary factor are evidence enough, yet there is consistently t

Pay for College or Medical School Without Much Debt

Pay for College or Medical School Without Much Debt Student Resources Print How Pay for College or Medical School Without Loans By Andrea Clement Santiago facebook twitter linkedin Andrea Clement Santiago is a medical staffing expert and communications executive. Shes a writer with a background in healthcare recruiting. Learn about our editorial policy Andrea Clement Santiago Updated on February 02, 2020 Henrik Sorensen / Digital Vision / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers While some medical careers are available with high school or undergraduate education, becoming a doctor or advanced practice nurse requires many years of post-secondary education. You may be wondering what options there are other than student loans, which may take many years to pay back. Loan-Free Ways to Finance College or Medical School Here are some additional resources for financing your undergraduate or medical schooling that won’t bury you in debt: Scholarships:  You don’t have to make top grades to get a scholarship, although there are more options for those who do. Scholarships are offered for a variety of factors in addition to academic performance, such as minority status, your field of study, or even overcoming adversity. Academic institutions are not the only organizations that offer scholarships. Check with local corporations, your bank, your local utility companies, your parents employers, even your church, to see what scholarships are offered, and how to apply. Sometimes its as simple as filling out a form and writing an essay or meeting other circumstantial requirements.Grants and Awards:  Check with your university or medical school to see what awards are offered. Alumni will often set up awards for students who meet certain criteria including anything from grades, athletics, volunteer work, to whatever the grantor wished to recognize with the award. Additionally, if you come from a low-income family, you may quali fy for federal grants to help pay for your education.Military:  The military will pay for your health career and help you get the required training if you’re willing to serve the country for a few years in return. The amount of education you receive will determine the number of years you have to “pay back” in service, meaning active military duty.U.S. Health Service Corps: This is a great way to fund your medical education if you’re seeking to be a physician or nurse. The National Health Service Corps is a government program that will pay most or all of your tuition in exchange for 2 to 4 years of service in a medically underserved area of the country. If youre willing to relocate to a more rural area to work for a few years, this could be an excellent option.Employer Reimbursement:  Hospitals  that employ nurses or doctors will often offer student loan forgiveness as part of their financial package. Therefore, if student loans were your only option on the front end, and you ended up graduating with a load of debt, your new employer may be able to help alleviate some of that financial burden. Other Ways to Minimize Tuition Costs If for some reason the above aids do not apply to you, or if you need to minimize your tuition costs even further, there are additional ways to save thousands of dollars on your college costs, if you plan ahead and make smart educational decisions while in high school and college, including: Consider putting college off for a year or two and working full-time to save money for your tuition.Work either full- or part-time and go to school full- or part-time while paying for classes as you go. Many schools will give you a bit of a discount for paying cash.Start with a two-year degree at your local community college, which is typically much cheaper, and then transfer to a four-year university.Consider going to college overseas. In some countries, Americans can attend college for free.

Servant Leadership Influence on Student Mentoring

Servant Leadership Influence on Student Mentoring Mentoring is a committed collaborative partnership, not a dependent relationship. According to Bernier, Larose, and Soucy (2005), the relationship and commitment created within a mentoring program is crucial for its success in assisting the mentee. Past studies have focused on student mentoring and its influence on academic performance, retention, and graduation. The thesis of this paper will examine the theory of servant leadership and its influence on a mentoring approach to assist students academically. This paper will also identify a metaphor for the application of servant leadership and provide a research overview on servant leadership. It is important to know if there is a†¦show more content†¦As suggested by Zaleznik (2004) leadership is a process in which individuals are influenced to achieve certain outcomes. Within the organization the leader’s primary function is to extract from employees the ability to perform and meet certain performance indicators. The faculty’s objective is to guide and support the mentee to achieve extra ordinary results and improve academic performance. Servant leadership may be considered a central aspect in this process. Strategy and structure effectiveness may be a function of organizational competence and character. According to Deming’s view (as cited in Deter et al., 2000), employees will perform if they work in an environment without apprehension and intimidation. Calwell and Hayes (2007) suggest that individuals in leadership roles have the oblique potential to humanize or demoralize an organization. Leadership behaviors may influence the degree of trust as perceived by stakeholders. Western Governors University has an opportunity to create a culture of servant leaders by putting aside selfish thinking and personal egos. The process of evolving into a servant leadership organization may require a conviction to reach a new level of servitude, empowerment, customer service, encouragement, and motivation at all levels. Robert Greenleaf envision the application of servant leadership by putting the needs and welfare of other above one’s own and make a conscious decision to serve othersShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Cultural Perceptions That Were Reinforced By Servant Leadership1705 Words   |  7 PagesLimitations included the influence of cultural perceptions that were reinforced by servant leadership; and the survey was abbreviated as to exclude many of the 28 items identified for the survey. The results confirmed the researchers original hypothesis that store performance was driven by a servant culture with was promoted by servant leadership. 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Plan and organize leadership groups to continue their ongoing leadership developments; this activity allows leaders to listen to the other leaders thinking and ideas. The meeting will discuss the experiences that we as leaders have encountered since maybe the last session, expressing the rewards and non-rewards from the experience. Peer leadership groups would have a timeline of once a month or every two-week gathering (Research Mentoring, n.d.). Plan and organizeRead MoreThe Importance Of Effective Leadership Skills Among Tutors1597 Words   |  7 Pagesthe importance of effective leadership skills among tutors in order to promote student learning through quality instruction. As mentioned in the previous chapter, the realization of quality instruction is significant for many reasons. As such, this chapter reinforces the research question through a critical analysis of the existing literature with the aim of coming up with a different line of thought concerning leadership. 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As such, this chapter reinforces the research question through a critical analysis of the existing literature with the aim of coming up with a different line of thought. As such, the study could offer a new dimension of leadership perception that is appropriate in fostering student learning in the modernRead MoreTheories Of Leadership Using A Reflective Account2563 Words   |  11 Pagestheories of leadership using a reflective account. The author intends to discuss how the identified theories and/or models i nfluence clinical practice in healthcare settings. Additionally, the essay will include discussions on the ways of measuring the effectiveness of these models. Finally, recommendations for the improvement of patient and staff experiences will be provided. The essay first defines leadership in general terms, and then focuses on leadership in the health care system. Leadership entailsRead MoreThe Theories Of Leadership Using A Reflective Account2350 Words   |  10 Pagestheories of leadership using a reflective account. The author intends to discuss how the identified theories and/or models influence clinical practice in healthcare settings. Additionally, the essay will include discussions on the ways of measuring the effectiveness of these models. Finally, recommendations on the improvement and patient and staff experiences are provided. The essay first defines leadership in general terms, and then focuses on leadership in the health care system. Leadership entailsRead MoreLeadership Assessment Of The Healthcare Setting2147 Words   |  9 Pages This essay aims to examine leadership in the healthcare setting. According to Weihrich and Koontz (2005), Sullivan and Garland (2010) leadership entails guiding others to realize, a particular goal using interpersonal skills. Therefore leadership is the art of influencing others to readily and actively endeavour towards meeting goals set by the team. As noted by Spector (2006), there is a shared theme that leadership entails influencing others individual belief systems, behaviours and feelingsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Leadership and Coaching2277 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Leadership and coaching go hand in hand in many ways because to coach is to lead, and to lead is to coach others. Indeed, leaders and coaches, whatever the title are really mentors within the context of a particular organization or activity. For centuries, scholars and philosophers alike have been trying to find a specific and complete definition for coaching and leadership, but have not had much success. True, leadership is, in part, decision making at the nth level; while coaching

Persuasive Speech For Nike - 840 Words

 ¨You can sell ice to an eskimo. ¨ Ever since I was a youngster, people have always told me how much potential I had to be a salesman. Such remarks provoked me to investigate the means by which an ad is persuasive and able to influence someone to buy a product. Through diligent effort, I learned that having a catchy slogan can persuade someone to support a business or organization. Of all of the slogans in todays society, from McDonald’s to Walmart’s, the slogan that stands out to me happens to be Nikes,  ¨Just do it. ¨ In a commercial aired on the 25th anniversary of the slogan, the theme is to  ¨Just do it ¨ even if the odds are in favor of your opponent. The 90-second commercial begins by picturing average athletes who are pressured†¦show more content†¦A major component of the commercial is a sense of pride and accomplishment. Many people strive to be the best on the field or on the court, which is why many viewers around the world are ab le to relate to this commercial. Additionally, the advertisement uses humor as a means of connecting with the audience as well. About halfway through the video, the narrator convinces the viewer that if he can ride a bike then he can also ride a bull. Including humorous instances throughout the video provokes laughter and keeps the viewer watching. Finally at the conclusion, the director throws a curveball at the viewer, challenging him to try to beat LeBron James at the end of the advertisement. To think that someone would beat the King in a dunk contest is irrational; however, the comparison is intended to show that anything is possible, you must  ¨Just do it. ¨ Most notably, Nike effectively establishes its credibility, which helps the company to sell the viewer more than just what they have to offer. During the advertisement Nike proves to its audience why they have been trusted for years. For decades, Nike has made their franchise the predominant leader in the sportin g goods industry. First off, the ad is based around the slogan that has been around for over 25 years:  ¨Just do it. ¨ It is important that the company assures the viewers ´ confidence in purchasing and using the products Nike produces. In an article from USAShow MoreRelatedMy Shiny New Shoes1487 Words   |  6 Pagessuperstars Dwayne Wade and Chris Bosh in South Beach, Miami. The sports world was left in disarray as the overwhelming negative response circulated the country. James turned the negative feedback he received from his decision to the theme of his Nike commercial. Nike dropped â€Å"Rise† on Oct. 27, 2010 and in 90 seconds; the ad manages to touch on LeBron’s decision and the entire negative backlash. The commercial portrays a man simply trying to do what is best for his career and life in general, while beingRead MoreHow Media And Its Effects On The Audience s Decisions Essay1973 Words   |  8 Pagesamount of audience and become an influence on their decisions as much as possible. The platforms that media uses to reach their audience is through radio, television, newspapers, magazines, billboards, films, books, and internet. One of the most persuasive tools that media uses to influence people is by advertisement. The image and messages in advertising are all scripted to become an impact on the audience’s decisions in life. However, media is challenged by other contradictory advertisements thatRead MoreCelebrity Endorsement on Consumer Behaviour: an Adidas Case Study3093 Words   |  13 Pagesendorser infers meaning from the culturally created world, such as Harrison ford’s heroic persona or Julia Roberts’s romantic persona. As a result, in the endorsement process the cultural meanings move from the celebrity to the product, in the form of; speech, contiguity, closeness and similarity. Arnould et al make a final point of a previous study conducted where researchers found that the meaning connected to previously unendorsed products such as towels and DVD players changed dramatically when theyRead MoreHow Tv Commercials Influence Consumer Cosmetic Products Purchasing Decisions18056 Words   |  73 Pagesadvertisements: based on AIDA model 44 5.2 Impact of TV commercial elements 46 5.3 Summary 48 Chapter Six: Conclusion 50 6.1 Summary of study 50 6.2 Recommendations for SK-II 54 6.2.1 Product brand 54 6.2.2 Product presenters 56 6.2.3 Persuasive messages 57 6.3 Research limitation and recommendations for further studies 58 6.3.1 Research limitation 58 6.3.2 Recommendation for further studies 59 Table 1 29 Table 2 41 Table 3 42 Table 4 43 Table 5 45 Figure 1 30 Appendix one 68 AppendixRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesa book that can help transform dry and rather remote concepts into practical reality, and lead to lively class discussions, and even debates. 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I want to work for Nike because I won a number of races wearing the Nike brand. Because of my positive experience with Nike, I know Id be convincing selling your product to retailers. Whats your dream job? This is your ideal chance to sell your aptitudes that fit the job description. Show an interest in finding new waysRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagestime? 3. Would the students start protesting even more if the principal stopped the newspaper? 4. When the welfare of the school is threatened, does the principal have the right to give orders to students? 5. Does the principal have the freedom of speech to say no in this case? 6. If the principal stopped the newspaper, would he be preventing full discussion of important problems? 7. Would the principal’s stop order make Rami lose faith in him? 8. Is Rami really loyal to his school and patriotic toRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCommunication 341 †¢ Nonverbal Communication 341 Organizational Communication 342 Formal Small-Group Networks 343 †¢ The Grapevine 343 †¢ Elec tronic Communications 345 †¢ Managing Information 349 Choice of Communication Channel 350 xiv CONTENTS Persuasive Communications 351 Automatic and Controlled Processing 351 †¢ Interest Level 352 †¢ Prior Knowledge 352 †¢ Personality 352 †¢ Message Characteristics 352 Barriers to Effective Communication 353 Filtering 353 †¢ Selective Perception 353 †¢ Information

The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay Free Essays

Over the past 20 old ages. research has clearly documented the good effects of nutrition on exercising public presentation. There is no uncertainty that what an athlete chows and drinks can impact wellness. We will write a custom essay sample on The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now organic structure weight and composing. substrate handiness during exercising. recovery clip after exercising. and. finally. exercising public presentation. Carbohydrates are of import to keep blood-glucose degrees during exercising and to replace musculus animal starch. Recommendations for jocks range from 6 to 10 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. The sum required depends upon the athlete’s entire day-to-day energy outgo. type of athletics performed. sex of the jock. and environmental conditions. Protein demands are somewhat increased in extremely active people. Protein recommendations for endurance jocks are 1. 2 to 1. 4 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. whereas those for opposition and strength-trained jocks may be every bit high as 1. 6 to 1. 7 g/kg organic structure weight per twenty-four hours. Fat is of import in the diets of jocks as it provides energy. fat-soluble vitamins. and indispensable fatty acids. Dehydration decreases exercising public presentation ; therefore. equal fluid before. during. and after exercising is necessary for wellness and optimum public presentation. Athletes should imbibe adequate fluid to equilibrate their fluid losingss. Two hours before exercising 400 to 600 milliliter ( 14 to 22 oz ) of fluid should be consumed. and during exercising 150 to 350 milliliter ( 6 to 12 oz ) of fluid should be consumed every 15 to 20 min depending on tolerance. Before exercising. a repast or bite should supply sufficient fluid to keep hydration. be comparatively low in fat and fibre to ease stomachic emptying and minimise GI hurt. be comparatively high in saccharide to maximise care of blood glucose. be moderate in protein. and be composed of nutrients familiar and good tolerated by the jock. Eating before exercising. as opposed to exerting in the fasting province. has been shown to better public presentation. The size and timing of the pre-exercise repast are interrelated. Because most jocks do non like to vie on a full tummy. smaller repasts should be consumed in closer propinquity to the event to let for stomachic voidance. whereas larger repasts can be consumed if more clip is available earlier exercising or competition. Sums of saccharide used in surveies in which public presentation was enhanced have ranged from about 200 to 300 g saccharide for repasts consumed 3 to 4 H before exercising. Current informations are assorted refering whether the glycemic index of saccharide in the preexercise repast affects public presentation. The saccharide consumed should give chiefly glucose ; fructose entirely is non as effectual and may take to diarrhea. although mixtures of glucose and fructose seem to be effectual. If the same entire sum of saccharide and fluid is ingested. the signifier of saccharide does non look to matter—some jocks may prefer to utilize a athletics drink whereas others may prefer to eat a solid or gel and consume H2O. Presently. the usage and recommendation of ergogenic AIDSs to jocks is controversial. Some wellness attention professionals discourage the usage of all ergogenic AIDSs. though others suggest they be used with cautiousness and merely after careful scrutiny of the merchandise for safety. efficaciousness. authority. and legality. Athletes should non utilize nutritionary ergogenic AIDSs until they have carefully evaluated the merchandise. as indicated above. and discussed the usage of the merchandise with a qualified nutrition or wellness professional. How to cite The beneficial effects of nutrition on exercise performance Essay, Essay examples

Risk assessment in buildings

Introduction Terrorism attacks involving the use of violent means in the contemporary society have been on the rise, which has resulted to the loss of many innocent lives. In the past, terrorist groups like al-Qaeda have carried out terrorist attacks in countries like the United States and Kenya among other countries.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk assessment in buildings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These attacks include the 1998 bombing of the US embassy in Kenya and disastrous terrorism attack in the US, which targeted the World Trade Centre and the pentagon in the year 2001. These attacks were targeted on buildings that housed many citizens of the respective countries. The main aim of targeting these buildings was to kill thousands of people in a bid to create fear and warn the countries that the terrorist groups were determined to reach their political and religious goals by whatever means pos sible. This assertion explains why it is very important for any building in urban areas to be prevented from any potential terrorist attacks, as terrorist organizations with ill motive will continue to terrorize innocent people in the quest to advance their agenda. In order to avoid a recurrence of the terrorist attacks that happened in 1998 at the American embassy in Nairobi, Kenya, and other threats across the world, there is a need for risk assessment to be carried out on the facility. Risk assessment to this facility is crucial, as it will aid in making important decisions on areas that need improvement. Certain steps must be followed to ensure that the building is safe. Threat identification and rating Threat identification is the first step in the risk assessment of the US embassy building in the capital city of Kenya. Apart from terrorism attacks, it is important to note that the building can be affected by other equally catastrophic threats as natural events like earthquakes and tornados or accidents like a fire. Hence, the management of the facility carries the responsibility identifying any possible threat to the facility as it helps in safeguarding people in the building. As the threats that may affect the building are different, there is a need to gather sufficient information on each one of them. Natural disaster threats can be identified by researching on historical data that is available on the national libraries, archives, and even on the Internet (Kunreuther, 2002). With the information gathered on the frequency of natural disasters that have happened near where the building is situated, it is possible to determine the probability of natural disasters being of any threat to the building. If in the research it is clear that in the past there have been frequent massive earthquakes near the building, then earthquakes threat can be rated high and preventive measures put in place to avoid the effects that it can have on the building.Advertising Looking for assessment on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The possibility of the building being targeted by terrorist organizations also should be identified. It is possible for terrorists to attack the building based on its location. If the building is located in a place where there is less surveillance by security forces, attack by terrorist can be successful. This assertion can be proven by the terrorist attacks by al-Qaeda on the building in the year 1998, which was successful as there was inadequate security and the terrorists even carried the bomb to the facility using a lorry without being detected. The bomb caused massive damage to the building and many innocent people lost their lives. In most cases, the aim of any terrorist organization is to cause as much damage as possible. Hence, the building can be targeted by terrorist based on its size and the number of people that it houses. Therefore, if the building is big in size and there is inadequate security surveillance, then the likelihood of it being attacked by extremist organizations is very high. Apart from terrorist attacks, threats by criminals and the kind of weapons that they can use to commit any criminal activity that is against the law should be identified. Information should be gathered on the crime rates in the areas surrounding the facility. This kind information can be collected from the available security agencies. If the findings show that the crime rates are high, and in the past some of the buildings surrounding the US embassy in Nairobi have been attacked and people held hostage by criminal gangs, then the possibility of the facility being attacked by the gangs is still high. Asset value assessment After identifying any kind of threats that may affect the normal functioning of the building, then the second step, which is asset value assessment, should be carried out. This step is equally important as the firs t one since it involves gathering information to estimate the value of the assets that are in the building. Being an embassy of the United States of America, the building contains documents and equipments that are of high value and they need to be safeguarded incase a disaster strikes the building. In addition, the building houses many people who work in it and others who frequent it in search of certain services. Human life cannot be compared to the value of vital documents and expensive equipments; therefore, they are the most important assets that need to be safeguarded even though they do not hold a tangible value that can be measured in monetary terms. Keeping in mind that people are the most important assets and without them it is impossible for normal activities to be carried out in the building, then measures can be taken early enough to prevent the loss of lives in case of a manmade or natural disaster.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk assess ment in buildings specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Escape routes can be created in the building for people to use and they should be designed in a way that will provide enough space for any rescue attempt by any concerned department to be carried out successfully. Fire extinguishers can also be strategically placed near places where people can easily reach them and put out fire. The identification of the most crucial documents and electrical points should not be ignored, as they are useful to the facility. They should be identified and stored in hardened structures like safes, which can survive a bomb hit or fire accidents. Once the most important assets are identified and safeguarded, then the normal daily activities of the facility can still go on after a disaster, even it is in another building as the embassy is being repaired. Vulnerability assessment Vulnerability assessment aims at considering loss that can be incurred in case o f a disaster and the vulnerability of the building to an attack. If terrorists are targeting the building, then there are some weak points that can be exploited by the perpetrators to ensure that their mission is successful. Being vulnerable means that the existing defense mechanisms to avoid a catastrophe in case of manmade or natural disasters are ineffective, and thus the building is a possible target for such an attack. As an embassy of the United States, the facility can be described as a very high profile attractive target for terrorist groups such as al-Qaeda, which is a sworn enemy of the United States. An attack to this facility would completely jeopardize the normal functions of the embassy. This aspect explains why this third step is important, as the results will help in the formation of mitigation measures to avoid a disaster. Although the building is vulnerable to terrorism attacks, an in-depth analysis of the building maintenance, design, and its year of construction play a critical role in determining its vulnerability when faced by hazardous natural disasters (Stewart Melchers, 2004). With this knowledge, it can be determined whether this building will be destroyed together with its critical assets. In addition, it can determine if it will be temporary destroyed and only a few of its assets will be destroyed and it can be operational after a few weeks or days. The vulnerability assessment process is crucial as it will involve detailed analysis of the building, and thus there is a need to ensure that only very qualified, experienced, and skilled staff is selected. However, before carrying out the vulnerability assessment, the assessment team can carry out some research and find out about other facilities that were affected by manmade or natural disaster and what made them to be more vulnerable. With this information, they can compare the vulnerabilities that they find in their facility and come up with effective mitigation measures.Advertising Looking for assessment on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The assessment team can also explore the fact that the building can also be vulnerable to terrorism attacks by chemicals weapons and asses the loss that can be brought by such an attack before coming up with possible ways to avoid the same. Apart from this risk, the vulnerability of the building to seismic activity caused by an earthquake with high magnitude by geo-statistical analysis should be explored. This assertion explains why some of the people carrying out the assessment should have the required skills and knowledge in geo-information techniques if a detailed seismic vulnerability report of the building is to be produced at the end of the vulnerability assessment. With an experienced team carrying out the vulnerability assessment, the most vulnerable areas of the building will be identified and upgrading done with the major aim of protecting the valuable assets that it houses. Risk assessment Risk assessment is a systematic process that seeks to identify and evaluate any pos sible risk that could prevent the facility from reaching its goals (Kunreuther, 2002). This important step involves the combination and evaluation of threat, asset, and vulnerability assessment. This information is useful in establishing if there is any potential threat to the building and help in protecting the assets of the building. As the potential threats and the vulnerability of different assets have already been identified, the risk assessment is useful in determining the impact of loss that different assets are likely to incur in case of a certain threat. For example, if there is a terrorist threat, the loss of lives will be very high. Therefore, based on the level of threat to any asset in the building, countermeasures should be put in place to safeguard the same. Mitigation measures After the risk assessment step, there is the last step, which is aimed at providing solutions to reduce or eliminate the damage that can be caused by any disaster. Mitigation measures include t he upgrading of the building by installing blast resistant glazing and strengthened perimeter columns and walls to increase its stability (Cretu, Stewart Berends, 2011). Though this move is expensive, it is worthy as at will help in avoiding death and loss of property in case of a terrorist attack. In addition, there is a need to upgrade the security surveillance to prevent a recurrence of the 1998 bombing and to deter any criminal activity from happening in the facility. Vehicles entering the premises should be inspected thoroughly to ensure that none of them is carrying any explosive materials that can cause any harm to the people. Conclusion As stated earlier, people are the most important assets in any building and appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that they are secure. In cases where disasters can result to casualties, the involved parties should note the same and come up with emergency strategies to counter the same should it happen. This move will be useful for people working in the building will continue with their productive lives until they retire instead of suffering from injuries and being forced to retire at an early age. In addition, normal operations and the reputation of the building will not be affected. Reference List Cretu, O., Stewart, R., Berends, T. (2011). Risk Management for Design and Construction. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kunreuther, H. (2002). Risk analysis and risk management in an uncertain world. Risk  Analysis, 22(4), 655-664. Stewart, M., Melchers, R. (2004). Probabilistic risk assessment of engineering  systems (Systems effectiveness). London, UK: Chapman Hall. This assessment on Risk assessment in buildings was written and submitted by user Jimena Holland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financial Reporting Practices and Ethical Standards in Health Care Finance

Financial Reporting Practices and Ethical Standards in Health Care Finance The issue of professional ethics has always been important for the health care workers but with the recent changes in the society, this issue has become especially topical. Financial accountability and reporting is important for meeting the ethical standards within the health care organizations and protecting the patients from the financial burden and unnecessary services.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Financial Reporting Practices and Ethical Standards in Health Care Finance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning, controlling, organizing, and decision-making are the four major elements of effective financial management though some researchers do not recognize organizing as a separate component. Still, proper organization is significant for the effectiveness of the whole project, and requires special attention of the financial managers. The planning element presupposes identification of the main objecti ves of a particular project and selecting appropriate measures that need to be imposed for meeting them. The controlling element requires analysis of reports from all the divisions of the organization and evaluation of the existing state of affairs. On the organizing stage, the manager chooses the most effective ways for using the available resources. The element of decision making presupposes deciding between various alternatives after analysis of possible consequences and evaluating the positive and negative sides of every option. Baker and Baker (2010) noted that â€Å"decision making actually occurs parallel to planning, organizing, and controlling. All types of decision making rely on information, and the primary tasks are analysis and evaluation† (p. 5). The field of accounting is of crucial importance for organizing the financial information on a particular health care organization, for making the informed choices after the analysis of this data. Working on the externa l reports, the financial managers should consider the generally accepted accounting principles so that the processes in different organizations could be compared according to similar metrics. These standards depend upon the type of a particular health care organization, and the majority of them is non-for-profit and does not pay income taxes though a number of for-profit organizations delivering health care services increased recently. â€Å"A common misunderstanding is that nonprofits are not allowed to make any money, when in fact they must generate more revenue than expenses to stay in business† (Barker, 2009, p. 210). However, it is important to take measures for handling the conflict of interests and to protect patients from the financial burden, meeting the general financial ethical principles for health care organizations. It is important that the physicians should resist the temptation of providing the unnecessary services, disregarding their financial self-interest.A dvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At the same time, the organizational ethics is even more important than the moral of an individual practitioner. Weber (2001) noted that â€Å"the issue here is not so much how the individual behaves as how the organization is managed† (p. 52). Meeting the generally acceptable ethical principles, health care organizations improve the quality of their services and protect patients from paying for unnecessary services. The realities of present day hospital or clinical settings predetermine a number of challenges for nurses and physicians who face ethical dilemmas in their professional practice day by day. The issue of meeting the ethical standards is related not only to personal choices of health care workers and management of organizations but to the state of affairs in the sphere as well. â€Å"In today’s chan ging practice environment, third parties have increasing control in the delivery and financing of care and in treatment decisions† (Povar et al., 2004, Ethics in practice). In other words, there are a number of additional factors which complicate the physician-patient interaction and may become a hindrance for considering the ethical principles while providing the health care services. Thus, even focusing the health care plans on the patients’ interest and disrespecting their financial self-interests, practitioners have to handle the issues of financing their research projects. For example, pharmaceutical companies appear to be one of the most influential third parties. Within the recent decades, the conflicts of interests of physicians and pharmaceutical companies have become widely spread. It is obvious that drug manufacturers are interested in increasing their revenues by selling more medicine. Still, physicians should remain focused on the patients’ interests and the quality of the health care services. At the same time, the importance of cooperation with pharmaceutical companies should not be underestimated because of their support of the research projects. â€Å"The pharmaceutical industry spends approximately $ 12 billion annually on gifts and payments to physicians† (Studdert et al, 2004, â€Å"Financial conflicts of interest†). The physicians’ accountability and procedures of financial reporting are of crucial importance for controlling the health care organizations. â€Å"The financial matters for which [providers are] (or could be) held accountable include the price of services, the efficiency with which they are provided, assurance that services billed for were delivered, and the overall financial performance of the [providers]† (Emanuel and Emanuel, 2004, What is accountability in health care?).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Financial Reporting Practices and Ethic al Standards in Health Care Finance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite the changing professional environment, the principles of professional ethics have to prevail and physicians have to avoid providing unnecessary services to their patients. Effective management and financial reporting are important for meeting the ethical norms within the health care organizations and providing high-quality services. Reference List Baker, J.J. Baker, R.W. (2010). Health care finance. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Barker, A.M. (2009). Advanced practice nursing: Essential knowledge for the profession. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Emanuel, E.J. and Emanuel, L.L. (2004). â€Å"What is accountability in health care?† Annals of Internal Medicine. Retrieved from https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/709376/what-accountability-health-care?volume=124issue=2page=229 Povar, G.J et al. (July, 2004). Ethics in practice: Mana ged care and the changing health care environment. Annals of Internal Medicine, 141 (2). Retrieved from https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/717640/ethics-practice-managed-care-changing-health-care-environment-medicine-profession Studdert, D.M. (October, 2004). Financial conflict of interest in physicians’ relationships with the pharmaceutical industry – self-regulation in the shadow of federal prosecution. The New England Journal of Medicine, 351.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Weber, L.J. (2001). Business ethics in healthcare: Beyond compliance. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates

Turn Your Blogs Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates I started blogging in 1999 before the word blog existed. Back then it was more like an online journal. I was a pimply high school student at the time and would write a few paragraphs about random geeky topics every day. But I gave up after a few months when nobody seemed to care. A few weeks later, some friends asked me why I hadnt posted in a while. My chin fell to the floor. It wasnt that they didnt care. They just were passive readers. They enjoyed what I wrote, but they just didnt do anything to show it. How To Easily Turn Passive Readers Into Genuine Brand Advocates via @ckeckYou might remember the 80/20 rule (80% of revenue comes from 20% of customers, etc.), so you might think that 80% of word-of-mouth for your blog comes from 20% of your readers. But that is not true when you are starting out. If you have 20% of your readers as active promoters- brand advocates, if you will- you are doing an amazing job. When you start blogging, you will likely only have 2 brand advocates... your mom and best friend.  Plus a few close customers, if you’re lucky. This can be incredibly frustrating because you spend countless hours writing endless blog posts. You know that content marketing is supposed to: Drive sales Generate leads Encourage conversions But instead, it feels like all it does is waste your time. If you're not getting the results you want from your blog readers, it might not be apathy that you are fighting. You might just need to engage with your audience in a slightly different way. There are some activities that popular bloggers all seem to do that are generally written off by beginner bloggers because they don't understand why they do them. I call these activities "The 5 Laws For Turning Passive Readers Into Brand Advocates", and here's how you can  make these work for your blog: Law #1: Use Surveys To Find Your Readers' Deepest Desires There are 5 major reasons people will share your content on social networks: entertainment, defining themselves, relationships, self-fulfillment,  and  supporting a cause. So how do you write content that helps people achieve their goals and define themselves to others? Many bloggers write from their gut instincts, this is a big rookie mistake. It is much more effective to just ask your readers about their own desires, hopes, and dreams. The biggest bloggers like Tim Ferriss do this on a regular basis. If you have a small mailing list and are just getting started, you might not get a lot of feedback if you ask people directly to tell you their hopes and dreams. In fact, asking people up front like that is generally ineffective (unless you have a big following) because people don’t often reply honestly with personal details like that to mass emails. But there’s a trick you can use to get high quality, actionable feedback even from a small mailing list: use the Net Promoter System. It’s a highly effective way to get 8–10 times more actionable data than traditional surveying methods. Asking about hopes and dreams can be effective in engaging your audience. You simply ask: How likely is it that you would recommend my brand/product/service to a friend or colleague? (Answers are based on a 0–10 scale). That's it. Because it is so quick, easy and painless to respond to such a simple survey, you will find much higher response rates. After they give you their number, you ask an open-ended question: What's the most important reason for your score? Although you will get interesting answers here, the single biggest trick for turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates is in responding personally to every survey whether they give you positive or negative feedback. If they give you a 9 or a 10 (very likely to promote), it’s the best case scenario. All you need to do is follow-up with a personalized email with a suggestion for how they could promote you to their friends (leave a review, tweet a message, etc.). Often people are willing to promote, but just need a nudge in the right direction for how to promote you. If they give you a 1 or a 2 (very unlikely to promote), don’t fret. This is a great opportunity to learn more. Follow-up with a personal email thanking them for their time and asking what their biggest problem is so you can write more about it in the future. That way you get ideas for new things you can write about that you had not considered yet. Action Items: Start a mailing list for your blog at MailChimp or something similar. Send an NPS survey with a system like Promoter.io or something similar. Follow-up with all survey responders using the NPS Follow-Up Cheat Sheet templates. Law #2: Create Conflict And Drama A fair amount  of  blog posts are dry and boring. The most common advice to spice things up is by adding facts and data, but sometimes that will just make a post more boring. The trick to draw people in is to create conflict and add drama by telling stories. For example, popular blogger Neil Patel tells the story of how he learned new marketing ideas from scantily clad women: 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models. People share controversial, provocative, and dramatic opinions like wildfire. Give them  something to talk about. Controversial opinions are shared like wildfire. Give people something to talk about.You don’t need to be as provocative as Neil to achieve a similar result. One simple and reliable formula you can use to draw in your own readers is to open every blog post with a personal story about a problem you faced and how you overcame it or what it taught you. For an example, take a look at the beginning of this post. Action Items: Make a list of at least 20 hopes, dreams, fears, and frustrations of your readers collected from the action item in Law #1. Think of 20 personal anecdotes or stories where you or a friend had similar dreams or frustrations for each one, and how you achieved the goal or overcame the frustration. Review previous blog posts to see if you can optimize them  with stories. Law #3: Train Your Readers To Be More Active Did you know subliminal messages are a myth? There is no scientific evidence that they work. That’s why the pre-show movie overtly shows you pictures of popcorn and coke. Because explicit messaging does work. So if you want people to share your content, you must ask them to. If you want people to join your mailing list, you must ask them explicitly. Ask: It's how to turn passive readers into subscribers.One of the most effective ways to engage your audience is by giving them an incentive to promote you. Virtual or physical giveaways  are always a great way to make this happen. A pro tip is that it’s usually better to give away 10 items one at a time than one giveaway with 10 items. For example, you will usually get the same number of people to enter the contest every time (and thus promote the contest). 10 times the prizes will not get you 10 times as many contestants. Action Items: Make a list of 20 things you could give away: paper books, e-books, audiobooks, interviews, checklists, cheat sheets. Make sure they are hyper-relevant to your audience’s hopes and desires. Use LeadPages or similar software to have the giveaways lead directly to new email list subscribers. Get the KingSumo Giveaways WordPress plugin to run your own contests quickly and easily. Tweets and Facebook messages give people better chances to win. Personality quizzes are a great way to activate your passive readers. WordPress plugins like WordPress Viral Quiz make them easily to build. Add them to your blog and watch them convert like crazy. Law #4: Create More Personal Relationships You are more likely to actively engage with friends than acquaintances, so how do you make your audience feel like they are your friend? One way to create personal relationships is by telling personal stories (from Law #2), but there are more techniques for creating intimacy with your reader. For example, if I am talking to you as friends would, I would never say: â€Å"People should share the content if they like it† if what I really meant to say was â€Å"You should share my post if you like it.† It goes against what you learned in high school, but when blogging, use personal pronouns (like â€Å"I† and â€Å"You†) instead of impersonal pronouns (like â€Å"people should do this and that†). Get personal with your #blog to build relationships with your readers.Another great method is to combine this with Laws #1 and #2. Engage with people through your surveys to find out their personal stories (like â€Å"please tell me your story†, not â€Å"send me stories†), and then ask permission to share their stories on your blog. Most people will gladly say yes, and then you can share your own point of view through your customers' stories (and even in their own words). Personal pronouns combined with great storytelling bonds people together and creates relationships. This should be a top goal for your blog if you want to create active subscribers and brand advocates. Action Items: Review your 3 most popular blog posts for impersonal pronouns (he, she, they, people, them, one) and see if you can replace them with more personal ones (I, you). This will give you a sense for how vigilant you will need to be in the future. Call or email your 5 best customers, and tell them you just wanted to make sure they were happy. Then ask them to tell you about the last big challenge they had and how they overcame it. LISTEN. Don’t interrupt. Write notes. Carefully read some of the popular blogs in your space and see what they do to draw people in. Do they use personal pronouns? Use QuickSprout to research their most popular posts and figure out how  you can replicate that success. Recommended Reading: 25 Growth Hacks Your Content Marketing Desperatly Need Law #5: Tell Your Audience What To Do The end of your posts will make or break how active your readers are. If you end with something typical like: â€Å"In conclusion, do X to get Y,† then your reader will happily close their tab and move on. But if you end with a call to action, then if they liked the post, they will know exactly what to do next. A simple and effective way to do this is with a postscript. Postscripts tend to catch people’s eye and are very hard to ignore. If you want people to share a post, you could write a post-script as simple as this one: P.S. If you know someone who makes this mistake, I'd love it if you shared  this post with them. Thank you! It’s a non-invasive way to increase the virality of your posts. You can even auto-include it on all your WordPress posts if you use a plugin like Bottom of Every Post. If you use the SumoMe WordPress plugin, you can keep track for free of what percent of readers get to the end of your posts. On average, we find that half of our readers will read the whole post. By the time they get there, they will be ready to take an action. You just need to point them in the right direction. Action Items: Think of 1 thing that has inspired you recently that wasn’t related to work, but tied into work (like Neil Patel’s 10 Marketing Techniques That I Learned From Instagram Models) and make it into a new blog post full of story and personal pronouns. End it with a P.S. that asks readers to share the post and see what happens. Combine postscripts with the giveaways created in Law #3 to make irresistible actions for your readers to take. Think of ways to make more content out of your most popular posts. For example, you could create slides and post them to SlideShare or record yourself dictating the post and make a podcast out of it. Then the action your readers can take is directly related to the content they just read. Turning passive readers into active promoters and brand advocates  isn’t hard, sometimes it just takes a few tweaks to make a big difference. Try some of these techniques and see what works for you. If you discover other techniques, please come back to this post and leave a comment to help others just like you.

Child Development Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Child Development Reflection Paper - Essay Example ction accorded to the child determines the child ability to adapt to the social environment and determines the child’s ability to self sustain emotionally. As presented by Mary Ainsworth, a child reacts to strangers in various manners. If the child feels secure, he will interact with the stranger. If he does not feel secure, he will either avoid the stranger or resist any attempt by the stranger to make contact vehemently. Such a child requires close monitoring and encouragement in social matters. Adjusting to situations by an individual is easier when a caregiver satisfied a child emotionally. Neglect of a child’s concerns alternatively results in an adult who lacks the ability to handle occurrences in life. The later will experience suicidal tendencies and antisocial behavior while his counterpart, who had ‘better’ upbringing will be outspoken. The development process through the eight stages depicted by Erik H. Erikson becomes very troubling for this individual due to unresolved childhood conflict. Forming secondary attachments such as finding a spouse forms a platform that is beyond childhood. As John Bowlby indicates, this gives the individual a second chance of developing social skills. However, this becomes difficult for personalities not fulfilled emotionally as child. Child assessment as discussed by Pucketh helps a parent determine the special needs for each child and act appropriately. The caregivers must fully understand the child in order to guide him through challenges. A child will create a connection to the mother depending on how much the parent (caregiver) encourages him. This early relationship should be a two-way relationship. Involving the child in activities that improve the child’s confidence ensures smooth life for the baby later. The concepts discussed present certain challenges to the learner. Many things that people take for granted characterize the human social life. Children sometimes seem annoying. Their cries for

Short Answer Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Short Answer - Assignment Example The intercessions become more dedicated and intricate as the stratagems employed at a particular stage are looked into. 10. The watchword is to challenge the negativities and encourage the positive aspects. For example, when the light is put on, the darkness automatically disappears. If the procedure has to work, it should include viability, desirability and efficacy. The responsibility rests upon teachers as well as the parents. Their positive dispositions leave an effect as for the teen’s capability to partake in societal and activities in the educational institution. The three areas of insufficiency abilities elucidated are communications skills, social skills and self-management skills. Constructive behavior backing, being primarily a teaching method, is successful. 11. Certain broad factors need to be identified such as goal identification, collecting information, developing assumptions, support plan design, execution and watching. Primary prevention approaches focus on intercessions employed on an educational institution-wise system for learners. This stage of deterrence is defined "primary" because majority of the students are treated on identical terms, also relating to identical stage to the intercession. The primary deterrence level is of consequence by the numerical point of view. Secondary level interventions are for a small and limited group as per the exclusive requirements of the students of this group which include societal backing like sharpening social skills by specific exercises or educational sustenance. Tertiary-level packages are mostly intensive or individual-based intercessions and are the most inclusive and intricate. Behavioral strategies categorized under PBS are many to enable toe students to transform their behavior. S ome of these strategies are delivered through the consultation process by teachers. To prevent the most severe forms of problem behaviors, normal social behavior in

Origins of the English Civil War Essay -- european history, british hi

The English Civil War of 1642-1651 can be considered as a feud between the King and the English Parliament. Long before the onset of the civil war, Parliament and king Charles I had distrusted each other. As a result, Parliament often refused to finance the king’s wars. Unable to gain enough support from Parliament, Charles I challenged local control of nobles and landowners, who composed of the majority of Parliament, by â€Å"levying new tariffs and duties, attempting to collect discontinued taxes, and subjecting English property owners to†¦forced loan and then imprisoning those who refused to pay†¦as well as quartering troops in private homes† (Craig et al. 560). Parliament attempted to control the king’s power when it presented to Charles the Petition of Right in 1628. This petition required that there would be no loans or taxation without the consent of Parliament, that Charles would not be able to imprison any free man without due cause, and that no troops would be quartered in private homes. Although Charles initially agreed to the petition, he dissolved Parliament in 1629 and did not recall it again until 1640. Parliament’s resentment of the king’s tyrannical actions combined with its resistance to control the king refused to grant Charles financial support for the war with Ireland in 1640. Charles retaliated and made inevitable a civil war when he dissolved Parliament once more and arrested five of its members (Taylor vii). The resulting tension between Charles and Parliament eventually erupted in a Civil War in 1642 and lasted until 1651. Many scholars have been associating the phenomenon of the English Civil War to a variety of causes and motives. Among Parliament’s support... .... Furthermore, Charles I had attempted to make himself the first despot by reducing Parliament to a nullity (Macaulay 64). It should be noted that during the time of Charles I, the king had no standing army, and that the king could not legally raise money without the consent of Parliament (Taylor 3, 4). However, because Charles had always been in favor of the notion of absolute monarchy (Taylor viii), he had dared to make extraparliamentary actions without the consent of Parliament. These included the trespass onto the constitutional rights of the English people, levying taxes without the consent of Parliament, imprisoning civilians and court nobles alike without due cause, and quartering troops in private homes during times of war (Macaulay 63-64). All these actions challenged local control of nobles and landowners (Craig et al. 560).

Producer Responsibility Scheme To Regulate Electronic Waste Environmental Sciences Essay

To reexamine and analysis the execution of the manufacturer duty strategy in South Korea, Sweden and United States ( Maine ) , for doing recommendations for the future acceptance of manufacturer duty strategy in Hong Kong on e-waste direction. Abstraction Hong Kong is good known as the hub of the newest engineering and electronic merchandises. While many Hong Kong people are fascinated by the latest theoretical accounts of nomadic phones, computing machines and advanced engineerings, the direction of electrical and electronic waste ( e-waste ) in Hong Kong is under-developed and this may take to risky impacts on the environment. Producer duty strategy ( PRS ) , besides known as drawn-out manufacturer duty ( EPR ) has been established for the direction of e-waste in assorted states for old ages. At the terminal of April, 2010, the Hong Kong authorities finished the audience on PRS for e-waste direction. A new legal model will be introduced to turn to the job of e-waste disposal in 2011. In this thesis, the current state of affairs of e-waste direction in Hong Kong will be reviewed. it is so followed by an analysis on the feasibleness of the 2010 PRS audience papers. To instil treatment, I will besides compare and contrast the e-waste P RS in Sweden, South Korea and United States ( Maine ) . Based on the international reappraisal, Hong Kong can larn from the strengths and failings of different strategies and do mentions for the hereafter patterns on e-waste direction. Introduction What is e-waste? Internationally, there is no standard definition of WEEE/ E-waste. Different states use their ain definitions and readings of the term â€Å" E-waste/WEEE † . ( UNEP, 2007 ) . In this thesis, e-waste means electronic and electrical waste. E-waste is by and large defined as any cast-off, excess or broken electrical or electronic device which is dependent on electrical currents or electromagnetic Fieldss in order to work decently and equipment for the coevals, transportation and measuring of such current. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) . It includes different types of equipments such as family contraptions, IT and telecommunications equipment. E-waste contains a batch of contaminations such as heavy metals e.g lead ( Pb ) , quicksilver ( Hg ) etc. and brominated fire retardents. Cathode Ray Tubes ( CRTs ) in proctors contain Pb may take to dirty. Lead will stamp down the encephalon development of kids. Toxic quicksilver may roll up in the fat of fish and through nutrient concatenation will be intake by homo. ( Greenpeace, 2010 ) Without proper disposal and direction, these chemicals would be released to the environment doing serious wellness jobs to human and damage the environment. Therefore, proper direction of e-waste is indispensable. 1.2 Definition of manufacturer duty strategy and extended manufacturer duty Producer duty strategy is an environmental policy instruments for commanding disposal of merchandises when they at the terminal of life. ( Hester & A ; Harrison, 2009 ) It suggests that everyone should portion the duty on e-waste direction. Manufacturers and consumers need to be responsible for the merchandises from the design to the concluding disposal intervention. ( Environmental Protection Department, 2005 ) Furthermore, it mandates the return dorsum of e-waste to a proper intervention. PRS has been implemented for pull offing e-waste in many states including Japan, Switzerland for old ages. It showed positive consequence for handling of EOL e-waste. PRS has two types: corporate manufacturer duty and single manufacturer duty. In CPR, manufacturers are responsible for the cost based on market portion. They need to pay the cost proportionally. In IPR, each manufacturer is responsible for financing the operations referred to the waste from his ain merchandises. ( Hester & A ; Harris on, 2009 ) In other states, extended manufacturer duty ( EPR ) is a more popular term. EPR farther emphasizes on the manufacturer ‘s duty. In other words, â€Å" Extended Producer Responsibility is the construct that makers and importers of merchandises bear a grade of duty for the environmental impacts of their merchandises throughout the merchandises ‘ life-cycles, including upstream impacts built-in in the choice of stuffs for the merchandises, impacts from makers ‘ production procedure itself, and downstream impacts from the usage and disposal of the merchandises. Manufacturers accept their duty when they design their merchandises to minimise the life-cycle environmental impacts and when they accept legal, physical or economic duty for the environmental impacts that can non be eliminated by design. † ( Davis, 1994 ) There are two purposes for the PRS. First, it emphasizes the duty of manufacturer for the collection and recycling of the e-waste. Second, it encourages manufacturers to modify the design of merchandises. So, it could cut down the sum waste and risky effects. ( The Sierra Club, 2009 ) E-waste state of affairs in Hong Kong The volume of e-waste coevals has increased at a rate of 2 % yearly during 2005-2008. In 2008, about 71400 metric tons of e-waste was generated. Presently, approximately 80 % of e-waste are recycled and re-used in Hong Kong or other states. The staying 20 % of them are disposal. Landfill sites in Hong Kong are about making their maximal capacities. The 20 % of e-waste so is a resource that should be reused, recycled. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) In general, e-waste is collected by private second-hand traders. Majority of e-waste are exported to other developing states such as Mainland China and India for recycling or recycling ( Greenpeace, 2010 ) . However, many storage countries for e-waste are non regulated. It would do dirt taint from leaching of heavy metals and other toxic chemicals. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) Besides, an e-waste recycling programme was launched in September 2005 by Environmental Protection Department and St James ‘ Settlement. They accept the e-waste from the populace at designated aggregation points. The gathered e-waste is brought to the recycling Centre for mending or leveling. The repaired electronic contraptions are donated to the needy. Sometimes the repaired goods are sold in charitable bazar to counterbalance portion of the operating cost. ( Environmental Protection Department, 2010 ) However, this programme can non cover with e-waste job in Hong Kong. Therefore, a proper e-waste direction policy is needed. Reappraisal on the audience paper At the terminal of April 2010, the Hong Kong authorities finished the audience on PRS for e-waste direction. A new legal model will be introduced to turn to the job of e-waste disposal. Harmonizing to the Product Eco-responsibility Ordinance ( Cap 603 ) , the proposed e-waste strategy would cover bulky electrical and electronic equipment including telecasting sets, rinsing machines, iceboxs and air-conditioners, and computing machines merchandises ( TWRAC ) , for illustration personal computing machine, pressmans and laptop. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) Figure 1-1 The proposed e-waste strategy in Hong Kong ( Adopted from Environmental Bureau, 2010 ) The proposed e-waste strategy is summarized in Figure 1. The major aim is to portion the duty for the aggregation, intervention and disposal cost of e-waste in a safely and sustainably manner. The duty is shared by assorted stakeholders: Consumers would necessitate to lend the collection and handling costs of regulate e-waste when purchasing new regulated merchandises. They besides need to guarantee the regulated e-waste would be handled likely. They may set up the handling to a municipal aggregation installation, a second-hand trader or a charitable organisation. Importers, distributers and retail merchants would necessitate to stick on the regulated merchandises with specific labels, including the costs of e-waste strategy and charging system Retailers would take back the old electrical contraptions on a â€Å" new for old † footing without charges. They will besides dispose decently to the appointed WMC. The appointed WEEE Management Contractor would supply aggregation and recycling service for e-waste. Second-hand traders and recyclers would dispose the regulated e-waste that collected from consumers. They are regulated by the import and export control and licensing demand for recycling, hive awaying and leveling of e-waste. Government would move as a proctor to reexamine the system, roll uping fees and jurisprudence enforcement. It would besides advance public credence and instruction and help the settling up of the manufacturer duty strategy on e-waste. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) Collection of fees would be taken by importers and distributers. They would pay the fees when the regulated merchandises were brought to Hong Kong for local sale. This cost could finally be recovered along the supply concatenation. Another option is retail merchants would roll up the fee from consumers when sale the relevant merchandises when a dealing is completed. The fees for little e-waste ( such as a little telecasting ) would about $ 100. For bulky e-waste would bear down around $ 200- $ 250. Fees for computing machine merchandises would be lower but no clear sum is listed in the audience paper. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) There are some extra steps proposed: A landfill disposal prohibition to e-waste will be introduced for forestalling utile stuffs ended up in landfills. Import and export control of e-waste would be under a permission system by authorities. A licensing demand is needed for the e-waste dismantlement, recycling and storage. ( Environment Bureau, 2010 ) In the undermentioned thesis, the PRS plans of South Korea, Sweden and United States ( Maine ) will be studied. By utilizing three standards, physical duty of assorted stakeholders ( Consumers, local governments, manufacturers and consolidators ) , cost allotment of assorted stakeholders ( Consumers, local governments, manufacturers ) and roll uping and recycling rate, remarks are made for the hereafter pattern on e-waste direction in Hong Kong.2. Review of PRS plans in other states2.1 South Korea 2.1.1 Background of the PRS After fall ining the OECD in 1996, the environmental policy of South Korea authorities is influenced by the way of western states. In 2001, the authorities implemented EPR as an indispensable policy in the field of recycling. ( Murakami-Suzuki, 2008 ) On the other manus, consumers and environmental NGOs had criticized the improper disposal of e-waste by the three major companies. To salvage their trade name image, they had understanding with authorities to continue greater manufacturer duty. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) In 2003, a Producer Recycling ( PR ) system was launched which emphasized the duty of makers in e-waste recycling. Until now, there are in entire 10 points: they are rinsing machines, TVs, air conditioners, iceboxs, Personal computers, sound, nomadic phones, pressmans, duplicators and facsimiles. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) ( Murakami-Suzuki & A ; Chung 2008 ) 2.1.2 System of e-waste direction Figure 2-1 General e-waste flows in South Korea ( Adopted from Murakami-Suzuki & A ; Chung 2008 ) The PR system puts the speech pattern on manufacturers. Manufacturers need to roll up the e-waste from consumers on a ‘new-for-old ‘ footing. Each electrical contraption that is regulated in the system has certain mark recycling rate to accomplish yearly. Therefore, manufacturers used runs and other aggregation contractors to run into the recycling mark. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) There are three ways for the manufacturers to carry through their duty. First, they can construct ain recycling works and execute the recycling occupation. The 2nd manner is to contract out the occupation to commercial recycling workss. The 3rd manner is to pay money to the Producer Responsibility Organization to assist them recycling the e-waste. If they fail to make the recycling marks, they need to pay the fee which is reciprocally relative to the compulsory recycling rates. ( Murakami-Suzuki & A ; Chung 2008 ) Local governments are responsible for patroling illegal dumping of e-waste. Illegal dumping declined greatly due to the monitoring of the citizens groups called â€Å" ssu-parazzi † ( ssu means rubbish in Korean and parazzi from the Italian word â€Å" paparazzi † which means newsman ) . ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) Local governments will pay pecuniary wagess to citizens for describing illegal dumping instances to the governments. Government besides needs to roll up the e-waste which is non based on replacement purchase from consumer. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) Consumers have three ways for disposal of e-waste. First, they can give the e-waste to the 2nd manus traders. The second-hand traders will give back some bit value to the consumers. The second-hand traders will so reassign to the exporters and export out the e-waste. Second, they can pay to the municipalities which are local governments for roll uping the e-waste. The local governments will transport the e-waste to the exporters or recycling workss for the intervention of e-waste. Third, they do n't necessitate to pay any fee when on a ‘new for old ‘ footing. The retail merchants or manufacturers will roll up the e-waste for free. They act as a co-operator with other stakeholders to take part in the strategy. Some of them may move as the â€Å" ssu-parazzi † to supervise the illegal dumping of e-waste. 2.1.3 Cost borne by different stakeholders Manufacturers bear the entire cost for both aggregation and recycling. First, they can run their ain logistic squad and recycling workss. Second, they can pay fee to the commercial recycling companies. Third, they may pay the fee to the Producer Responsibility Organization ( PRO ) for roll uping and recycling the e-waste. Consumers do non necessitate to pay any disposal fee when buying a replacing regulated electric merchandise. So, an unseeable fee is added when consumer purchases electrical merchandises. They merely need to pay the aggregation cost when necessitating local governments to roll up the e-waste. They may necessitate to pay 2000-8000 won ( about HKD $ 14- $ 56 ) to the local governments for roll uping the e-waste. ( Gangnam-gu Office, 2004 ) Government needs to bear the fiscal cost for the collection of illegal dumped e-waste and pay the money wages for citizens. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) 2.1.4 Collecting and Recycling rate of e-waste Figure 2-2 Collecting and Recycling rate of e-waste in South Korea in 2002 and 2004 ( Source from Park, 2006 ) After the execution of the PR system in 2003, the collection and recycling rate addition about 50 % in Television, icebox and rinsing machine. For air-conditioner and computing machine, a singular rise in the collection and recycling rate. The merchandise recycling has been continuously increased. About six million dozenss ( 550 million kilogram ) of e-waste in sum has been recycled during 2003-2007. The recycling rate is about 11 kg/capita/year in 2003-2007. ( Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea, 2010 ) 2.2 Sweden 2.2.1 Background of the PRS The PRS for e-waste was launched in Sweden on 1st July 2001. Simultaneously, a not-for-profit service supplier El Kretsen was set up. El Kretsen operates a national-wide aggregation and recycling system for e-waste. It runs the system in coaction with Swedish governments. The local Swedish governments manage and fund the aggregation points where the families could go forth the e-waste. El Kresten manages and financess the transit fee, the pre-treatment and recycling for e-waste. Eleven classs of e-waste are regulated by El Kretsen. They include merchandises for family contraptions, IT and other equipment. ( El-Kretsen, 2010 ) 2.2.2 System of e-waste direction Figure 2-3 General flow of e-waste in Sweden ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) The strategy does non put any recycling marks. Manufacturers and distributers pay the fee to El Kresten, based on the current market portion, for pull offing the regulated e-waste in a corporate duty method. The cost will reexamine yearly. Families can return the e-waste to any of the 700 countrywide municipal aggregation sites. Commercial sectors can return the e-waste free of charge to the distributers or manufacturers based on â€Å" new for old † buying. Otherwise they can give to the commercial aggregation Centres which are financed by El Kretsen. When the commercial consumer does non buy a new merchandise, the e-waste is non covered by this PRS and it ‘s the last user ‘s duty. Municipal aggregation sites are run by municipalities and the concern aggregation sites are organized and financed by El Kretsen. Logistic and transport spouses will roll up the e-waste from both municipal and concern aggregation sites and conveyance to the intervention spouses. Treatme nt and recycling spouses dismantle and recycle the e-waste. El Kretsen would pay the money to logistics and intervention spouses by the weight of e-waste hauled and the existent intervention costs. ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) 2.2.3 Cost borne by different stakeholders El Kretsen financess the concern aggregation sites, transit and recycling cost of e-waste. Household ‘s aggregation sites are run by local governments which are non based on manufacturer duty. Households wage revenue enhancements to back up the cost of runing the municipal aggregation sites. Manufacturers pay money to El Kretsen harmonizing to their corresponding market portion, i.e. , every provider ‘s proportion of entire gross revenues in the old twelvemonth. Any excess will be credited to the corresponding manufacturer ‘s history. ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) The fee is considered several factors. Here is an illustration: Table 2-1 Model for computation of fees by El Kretsen ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) The fee is measured by four factors: weight, return rate, intervention cost and material value. When transit and intervention costs are high and the stuff value is low, the fee is higher. Alternatively, if the stuff value is high and the intervention cost is low, the fee is much lower. Normally, for bulky material, the fee is around a‚ ¬8- 26 ( about HKD $ 84 – $ 273 ) and for little contraption, it is about a‚ ¬0.025. ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) 2.2.4 Collecting and recycling rate of e-waste Figure 2-4 Recycling rate of e-waste in 2004-2008 by El Kretsen ( El-Kretsen, 2010 ) The above figure showed the collection and recycling rate of e-waste from all the aggregation points by El Kretsen. The system in Sweden achieved the highest collection and recycling rate reported in Europe with a sum of 15.8kg/capita/year in 2006. ( Sander et el. , 2007 ) 2.3 United States ( Maine ) 2.3.1 Background of PRS In 2004, an e-waste jurisprudence founded on EPR construct was adopted by the Maine legislative assembly. It was the first â€Å" drawn-out manufacturer duty † jurisprudence in United States. In January 18 2006, the family e-waste programme was launched to guarantee electrical contraptions were recycled at the terminal of life. Merely family generated covered electrical devices ( CED ) are considered in the Maine programme. CED referred to telecastings and computing machine proctors with screens larger than 4 in. ( 10.2 centimeter ) . ( Wagner, 2009 ) In 2009, the programme added desktop pressmans, game consoles and digital image frame as CED. ( Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine, 2010 ) 2.3.2 System of e-waste direction Figure 2-5 General flow of e-waste in Maine ( Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine, 2010 ) Local governments decide how to roll up the family e-waste. There are different ways to roll up the e-waste: agreement of pick-up service, set up for aggregation sites, or keep periodic one-day aggregation. Consolidators received the e-waste. They need to screen the regulated merchandises by trade name names and step the weight. Then, they send bills to the makers for the transit, managing and recycling fee. They will besides supply informations and study to Department of Environmental Protection ( DEP ) . After that they send the e-waste to recycler. Retailers must merely sell the regulated merchandises with makers that are in conformity with Maine ‘s E-waste Law. Maine DEP monitors the programme. It besides conducts instruction and enforces Torahs. ( Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine, 2010 ) 2.3.3 Cost borne by different stakeholders Manufacturers bear about all the cost under the EPR programme. Before the programme started, there was no charge to the manufacturer. After the programme was launched, in 2006 and 2007, the sum charges are US $ 764000 ( about 6 million HKD $ and US $ 1938500 ( about 15 million HKD $ ) severally. The mean recycling charges were about US $ 9.53 ( HKD $ 74 ) per computing machine proctor and US $ 16.62 ( HKD $ 130 ) per telecasting. The manufacturers need to pay the cost harmonizing to the trade name and weight to the consolidators. Orphan CEDs is waste which can non place the makers or the makers are no longer in concern. Existing manufacturers need to pay a pro rata portion of the recycling orphan CEDs. ( Wagner, 2009 ) Figure 2-6 Maine population and family EOL fees charged in 2008 ( Wagner, 2009 ) Different metropoliss or towns in Maine have different EOL fee. Citizens can dispose free of charge or even necessitate to pay over USD $ 11 per point ( HKD $ 86 ) . However, over 50 % of families need to pay less than US $ 5 ( HKD $ 39 ) per point due to the displacement of cost to the manufacturers. ( Wagner, 2009 ) 2.3.4 Collecting and Recycling rate of e-waste Figure 2-7 Household CED points collected in Maine in 2005-2008 ( Source from Wagner, 2009 ) The figure of points collected and recycled after the EPR programme adopted addition by 108 % in the first twelvemonth, 170 % in the 2nd twelvemonth and 221 % in the 3rd twelvemonth. ( Wagner, 2009 ) The collection and recycling rate is about 1.8 kg/capita/year in 2008. ( Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine, 2010 )3 Comparison of the EPR systems in South Korea, Sweden and United States ( Maine )Table 3-1 Comparison for the physical function of assorted stakeholders South Korea Sverige Pine tree state Consumers Dispose the e-waste via three methods Act as â€Å" suu-parazzi † Take the e-waste to aggregation sites Take the e-waste to the local governments via different methods Local governments Set mark recycling rate Monetary wages to citizens who describing illegal dumping Run the municipal aggregation sites Set criterion for aggregation Ensure fight among the consolidators Manufacturers Construct ain recycling workss Pay money to the PRO for recycling and interventions Contract out the occupations to commercial recycling companies Collect commercial e-waste Pay money to El Kretsen for managing the e-waste Pay money to the consolidators for all the transit and intervention cost Consolidators Manufacturers El Kresten Approximately 10 companies In South Korea, since the electrical contraption industry is oligopolistic and is dominated by three companies, viz. , Daewoo, LG and Samsung. Collection, transit and recycling are besides carried by the manufacturers. ( Lee & A ; Na, 2010 ) There is no aggregation sites are operated in the system of South Korea. Consumers have different methods to dispose the e-waste. Due to the bit value given by the second-hand traders, most of the consumers prefer this manner to dispose the e-waste. ( Murakami-Suzuki & A ; Chung 2008 ) Another alone system is the outgrowth of â€Å" ssuparazzi † in South Korea. Local governments will give money wagess to the citizen who reports illegal dumping of e-waste. This control method is thought to be responsible for a crisp diminution of illegal dumping. For Sweden, the lone consolidator El Kretsen takes the most physical duty in the EPR system. It mandates the commercial aggregations sector, organizes and financess the transit and recycling spouses. Local governments run the municipal aggregation sites. Consumers merely need to reassign the e-waste to the aggregation points. For Maine, local governments via different paths collect the e-waste from consumers. Consumer should follow the methods by local authorities and return the e-waste. Consolidators sort off the trade name and direct bills to manufacturers for the transit and intervention cost. Table 3-2 Comparison for cost allotment of assorted stakeholders South Korea Sverige Pine tree state Consumers Free on a â€Å" new for old † footing Buy tickets when disposed with municipality Taxs EOL fees Local governments Receive tickets fee from consumers Receive revenue enhancements from consumers Collection cost of e-waste Manufacturer About the entire cost About the sum cost which pay to El Kretsen About the sum cost which wage to the consolidators Consumers do non necessitate to pay any excess fee under the â€Å" new for old † rule when buying the regulated points in South Korea. They may necessitate to purchase a tickets when disposal of e-waste from local governments. In Sweden, the aggregation cost of domestic e-waste is received from the revenue enhancements of all citizens. In Maine, consumers normally merely necessitate to pay the EOL fees which are less than US $ 5 per points for Televisions or computing machine proctors. Local governments in three topographic points receive money from consumers for aggregation cost. In Sweden, the local governments merely cover with the domestic e-waste. In the three topographic points reviews, manufacturers bear about the full cost in the PRS. In South Korea, manufacturers need to build the ain works for intervention of e-waste. It is an single duty system. Otherwise, they may contract out the occupation to commercial recycling workss or pay fees to the PRO. In Sweden and Maine, the manufacturers pay to consolidators based on market portions. In add-on, in Maine, the manufacturers portion the cost for handling the orphan e-waste by pro rata. Table 3-3 Comparison of roll uping and recycling rate South Korea Sverige Pine tree state Roll uping and Recycling rate ( kg/capita/year ) 11.0 15.8 1.8 In this tabular array, Sweden achieved the highest collection and recycling rate among three topographic points. It may due to a big classs of e-waste included in the Swedish system. South Korea besides got a comparatively high rate. It may due to the consequence of mark recycling in the system. The collection and recycling rate is really low when comparing to two other topographic points. First, the Maine plan merely covered domestic TVs and computing machine proctors. Second, the end-of-life fee besides contributed to it because some consumers may donate to charitable organisations instead than pay the EOL fees. ( Wagner, 2009 ) Table 3-4 Comparison of undertaking methods for illegal dumping South Korea Sverige Pine tree state Undertaking methods Monetary wages None None In South Korea, the pecuniary wages has attracted some citizen groups and organisations supervising the illegal dumping. In Sweden, there is no inducement for families to dispose the e-waste illicitly. It is because the use of municipal aggregation points is free of charge. Furthermore, the aggregation points are normally closer than topographic points which are suited for illegal dumping. ( Sasaki, 2004 ) For commercial sectors, there are some companies dumped the e-waste in municipal aggregation points. It is because El Kretsen can non separate the e-waste is come from families or concern sectors. ( Sasaki, 2004 ) . In Maine, due to the EOL fees, some e-waste possibly illicitly dumped. However, there is no information related to demo the figure of instances. ( Wagner, 2009 ) Table 3-5 Comparison of strengths and failings of the PRS systems Strengths Failings South Korea High recycling rate Monetary wages for describing illegal dumping Merely focal point on mark recycling rate, non the environmental-friendly intervention Sverige High recycling rate One not-for-profit consolidator – El Kretsen Excessively many classs of e-waste Taxs from citizens Municipal aggregation point can non separate e-waste from house servants or commercial sectors United States ( Maine ) Low cost for intervention Have step to cover with the orphan e-waste Low recycling rate Merely focal point on domestic e-waste Cumbersome for consolidators to screening the e-waste Orphan e-waste payment by manufacturers Illegal dumping due to EOL fee Korean ‘s pecuniary wages for describing illegal dumping is alone among three states. It greatly decreases the sum of illegal dumping of e-waste. Another alone characteristic is target recycling rate. The mark rate must be reached by the manufacturers. Otherwise, a levy is imposed. Therefore it maintains a high and stable collection and recycling rate. However this system merely focuses on the elevation of the recycling rate but non the intervention quality. Producer merely want to carry through the mark rate. There is no inducement for manufacturer to handle the e-waste decently. In Sweden, the recycling rate is highest among three reviewed topographic points. It may due to a assortment of e-waste is included in the system. Furthermore, there is no bear downing for disposing e-waste in municipal aggregation point. It may besides increase the inducement of domestic consumers to dispose the e-waste decently. Furthermore, El Kretsen covered about 90 % of e-waste. A large not-for-profit company integrates all the e-waste could hold better organisation of aggregation and transit for e-waste. However, the Swedish strategy has eleven classs of regulated e-waste. Many industries and companies are kicking about the complexness of the merchandise classification. ( Future Energy Solutions, 2003 ) On the other manus, the running cost for municipal aggregation sites come from the revenue enhancements from citizens. It is unjust to the citizens who do non utilize the service in the PRS system. In add-on, the municipal aggregation points receive e-waste free of charge. Some concern companies may dump the e-waste into the aggregation point illicitly. In United States ( Maine ) , the monetary value of consolidator services to manufacturer is administrated by the DEP yearly. The consolidators need to subject the lowest cost agenda to the manufacturers and local governments. Therefore, manufacturers can take the best offered monetary value for the services of consolidators. Furthermore, this is the lone PRS which have step to cover with orphan e-waste among three reviewed topographic points. It divides the intervention cost to manufacturers by pro rata. The collection and recycling rate is lowest among three reviewed topographic points in Maine. It is because the system merely focuses on domestic e-waste. Furthermore, the regulated e-waste merely included TVs and computing machine proctors. A big sum of e-waste The Maine ‘s progrmamme is cumbrous because every e-waste needs to screen by trade name. The consolidators besides need to enter the weight of e-waste. Furthermore, approximately 10 consolidators are responsible for screening the e-waste and direct bills to the manufacturers. Therefore, this system is time-consuming and increases the administrative costs for both consolidators and manufacturers. The manufacturers besides criticize for bearing the duty for the orphan e-waste. ( Wagner, 2009 ) Orphan e-waste means the e-waste trade name name can non be identified. They need to bear excess cost for the intervention of orphan e-waste by pro rata. Due to stop of life charge, consumers need to pay money to the local authoriti es when they dispose the e-waste. They may illicitly dump the e-waste. However, there is no statistic found in my research.4 Remarks for the PRS in Hong KongAfter the analysis of the PRS systems in South Korea, Sweden and United States ( Maine ) , it indicates that different stakeholders bear different proportion of physical and fiscal duty. Furthermore, a good Praseodymium should hold high collection and recycling rate. Since few electrical or electronic merchandises are produced locally in Hong Kong, manufacturers ‘ duties are in fact importers, distributers and retail merchants ‘ duty. For makers, it will be individually considered in the undermentioned subdivision.4.1 Physical DutyConsumer should co-operate in the PRS. They should dispose the e-waste to the aggregation sites or return back to the retail merchants or distributers. They could besides supply remark for the PRS to the authorities to implement a better system for e-waste direction. Incentive for consumers to take the e-waste back to the retail merchants or the aggregation sites is the of import measure. Collection sites should be easy accessible. Therefore, authorities and retail merchants or distributers should put up the broad spread aggregation sites in the 18 territories. They should supply a convenient manner to the consumers for disposal of e-waste. In Hong Kong, it is hard to put up ain recycling workss by manufacturers like the PR system in South Korea. Retailers and distributers should continue more duty. From the experience of South Korea and Sweden, labeling of the regulated merchandises should be done by the retail merchants or distributers. Therefore, consumers are able to cognize the cost of the PRS for the intervention and recycling of e-waste. Hong Kong has Numberss of retail merchants and distributers ; they may form or fall in a consolidator like El Kretsen in Sweden. With a cardinal consolidator, an enhanced organisation of aggregation and transit could be achieved. The retail merchants and distributers can pay the fee straight to the WEEE direction contractors Quality of intervention for e-waste is of import. The recyclers should handle and recycle the e-waste suitably. Environmental Protection Department can direct officers to look into the intervention procedure in the recycling works on a regular basis. Recyclers should follow the demands purely which are set up by authorities. Otherwise, authorities would ticket the recyclers. Monetary wages in South Korea has successfully decreased the figure of illegal dumping. Hong Kong authorities can larn from the experience of South Korea to put up some wages for describing illegal dumping.4.2 Financial ResponsibilityThere are two ways of bear downing methods from the experience of three topographic points. In Maine, the consumers need to pay the end-of-life fee when they dispose the e-waste. In Hong Kong, there is a building waste disposal bear downing strategy similar to Maine. However, it leads to big sum of illegal dumping in the New Territories. If the e-waste charging follows the same method, it likely leads to big sum of illegal dumping. In South Korea and Sweden, the fee is already included in the monetary value of the electrical contraptions. Therefore, it will enforce the fee to the importers and distributers, which is non welcome by them. In Hong Kong, after the audience paper released, the importers and distributers have unsatisfied to this option. However, in this option, Consumers do non necessitate to pay any fees when disposing the e-waste. This will diminish the inducement for consumer to dispose the e-waste illicitly. The two options have their ain pros and cons. Further treatment is needed. For the orphan e-waste, there is no step shown in the audience paper in Hong Kong. In the reviewed topographic points, merely Maine ‘s plan has steps to cover with it. First, retail merchants should merely sale electrical merchandises of manufacturers that are participated in the plan. It can diminish the figure of orphan e-waste coevals. Second, the intervention cost is divided by manufacturers by pro rata. It can ease the fiscal load from authorities to the manufacturers. Hong Kong can put up similar pattern to cover with the job of orphan e-waste.4.3 Collecting and recycling rateDifferent topographic points have different classs of e-waste included in the PRS. The proposed PRS in Hong Kong has similar regulated points to that in South Korea. After the execution of PRS in Hong Kong, the collection and recycling rate should accomplish a similar rate which is 11.0 kg/capita/year. Swedish plan achieve the highest rate which is 15.8 kg/capita/year and Maine ‘s plan merely r eached 1.8 kg/capita/year. These two values should be the favourable rate and lower limit rate that Hong Kong PRS should make severally.5 DecisionAfter reexamining the PRS in South Korea, Sweden and United States ( Maine ) , different states adopt the PRS with alone features. The Hong Kong authorities can larn from the strengths and failings of different strategies and do mentions for the hereafter patterns on e-waste direction. The authorities should happen a balanced point of duty among assorted stakeholders for e-waste directionLists of MentionDavis Gary. ( 1994 ) . Extended Producer Responsibility: A New Principle for a New Generation of Pollution Prevention. Department of Environmental Protection, State of Maine. ( 2010 ) . Report on Maine ‘s Household E-waste Recycling Program. El-Kretsen. ( 2010 ) . Sweden – universe leader in WEEE aggregation and intervention. Retrieved January 1, 2011, from El Kretsen hypertext transfer protocol: //www.el-kretsen.sesitespecificelkretsenfilespdfelelretur_foldern_engelsk.pdf Environment Bureau. ( 2010 ) . Safe and Sustainable: A New Producer Repsonsibility Scheme for Waste Electrical & A ; Electronic Equipment. Environmental Protection Department. ( 2005 ) . A Policy Model for the Mangament of Municial Solid Waste ( 2005-2014 ) . Retrieved January 1, 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.epd.gov.hk/epd/msw/htm_en/ch03/main.htm Environmental Protection Department. ( 2010 ) . Waste Reduction. Retrieved November 17, 2010 from Recovery of waste elctrical and electronic equipment: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wastereduction.gov.hk/en/workplace/weee_intro.htm Future Energy Solutions. ( June 2003 ) . Study into European WEEE Schemes. Gangnam-gu Office. ( 2004 ) . One stop big volume waste intervention system. Retrieved January 1, 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //waste.gangnam.go.kr/ Greenpeace. ( 2010 ) . Contamination of e-waste. Retrieved November 27, 2010 from Greenpeace: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greenpeace.org/china/ch/campaigns/e-waste/pollution Il-Ho Park. ( November 2006 ) . Policy Direction on E-Waste Recycling in Korea. Lee Soo-cheol, & A ; Na Sung-in. ( 4th June 2010 ) . E-waste Recycling Systems and Sound Circulative Economies in East Asia: A Compararive Analysis of Systems in Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan. Sustainability, page 1632-1644. Lindhqvist T. ( 2000 ) . Extended Producer Responsibility in Cleaner Production: Policy Principle to Promote Environmental Improvements of Product Systems. Ming Pao. ( 28th December 2010 ) . Electronic Products levy consultaion. Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea. ( 2010 ) . Extended Producer Responsibility. Retrieved January 1, 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //eng.me.go.kr/content.do? method=moveContent & A ; menuCode=pol_rec_pol_rec_sys_responsibility Rie Murakami-Suzuki and Sung-Woo Chung. ( 2008 ) . A Comparative Study of E-waste Recycling Systems in Japan, South Kore nad Taiwan from the EPR Perspective: Deductions for Developing States. Soo-cheol Lee and Sung-in Na. ( 4th June 2010 ) . E-waste Recycling Systems and Sound Circulative Economies in East Asia: A Compararive Analysis of Systems in Japan, South Korea, China and Taiwan. Ronald E. Hester and Roy M. Harrison. ( 2009 ) . Electronic waste direction. Royal Society of Chemistry. Knut Sander, Stephanie Schilling, Naoko Tojo, Chris new wave Rossem, Jan Vernon, & A ; Carolyn George. ( 2007 ) . The Producer Responsibility Principle of. Sweden. Kohei Sasaki. ( December 2004 ) . Examing the Waste from the Electrical and Electronic Equipment Mangement Systems in Japan and Sweden. The Sierra Club. ( May 2009 ) . Producer Responsibility Recycling. Retrieved January 1, 2011 from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sierraclub.org/committees/zerowaste/producerresponsibility/index.asp UNEP. ( 2007 ) . E-Waste Vol. 1: Inventory Assessment Manual. Travis P. Wagner. ( 19th July 2009 ) . Shared duty for pull offing electronic waste: A instance survey of Maine, USA. Waste Management.